以高熵合金為媒介合成石墨烯｜國立清華大學博碩士論文庫

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研究生：	高逸帆 Kao, Yih-Farn
論文名稱：	以高熵合金為媒介合成石墨烯 High-entropy alloy mediated growth of graphene
指導教授：	徐文光
口試委員:	曹春暉林樹均葉均蔚徐文光呂昇益
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	工學院 - 材料科學工程學系 Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年：	2014
畢業學年度：	102
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	62
中文關鍵詞：	高熵合金、X光繞射分析、掃描式電子顯微鏡、穿透式電子顯微鏡、掃描穿隧式電子顯微鏡、X射線光電子光譜、拉曼光譜、原子力顯微鏡、場發射
外文關鍵詞：	Scanning tunneling microscope (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), Raman spectrometer; Atomic force microscope (AFM)
相關次數：	點閱：3 下載：0
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本研究以乙炔為前驅物，CuxFeCoNiMn合金為基板合成石墨烯。實驗結果顯示，石墨烯的層數可經由x值的調變來控制。單層石墨烯結構於x = 0.5時形成，且其面積達到600平方微米。石墨烯的層數隨著x值上升而增加，而在x = 1.5時轉為turbostratic石墨結構。此x值控制機制涉及5個連續的步驟，且每個步驟都能被實驗數據給支持。

Pyrolysis of acetylene over thin films made of CuxFeCoNiMn yields graphene and sheet dimension is found to control by x. Monolayer structure forms at x = 0.5 and sheet size reaches a value as large as 600 m2. Layer number increases as x rises and turbostratic graphite forms at x = 1.5. The x-controlled growth mechanism involves five consecutive steps and each is supported by experimental data.

Abstract...................................................I

Content...................................................II

Table list...............................................III

Figure captions..........................................III

1 Introduction to graphene.................................1

1-1 Carbon-related nanomaterials...........................1

1-2 Physical properties of graphene........................3

1-2-1 Mechanical properties................................3

1-2-2 Electronics structures and electrical properties.....5

1-2-3 Thermal-conduction and photo-detection properties....7

2 Introduction to high-entropy alloys (HEAs)...............9

2-1 Born of HEAs...........................................9

2-2 Formation of HEAs.....................................10

2-3 Four core effects.....................................14

2-4 Physical properties................................................17

3 Motivation of this study................................23

4 Experimental details...................................................25

5 Results and discussion..................................28

5-1 XRD of Sx substrates................................................28

5-2 Raman spectra and mapping of Gx........................................................31

5-3 AFM and TEM characterizations of Gx...................34

5-4 STM imaging of G0.5...................................40

5-5 Bonding characterization by XPS.......................45

5-6 Field emission by Gx..................................48

5-7 Growth mechanism of graphene on Sx....................50

6 Conclusions.............................................53

7 References..............................................54

Table list
Table 2-4-1 Electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of presented HEAs and some conventional metals............22

Figure captions
Figure 1-1 Allotropes of carbon-related nanomaterials are revealed in terms of quasi-zero-dimensional C60, quasi-one-dimensional armchair CNT, and two-dimensional graphene, accordingly................................................2

Figure 1-2-1-1 Loading/disloading profile for single-layer graphene. The curve exhibits cubic behavior at high loads (inset)....................................................4

Figure 1-2-1-2 Measured from a graphene/high-Q silicon mechanical oscillators, the resonance frequencies of single-layer graphene grown via chemical vapor deposition are varied with the temperature under the shear modulus (G) of 280 GPa....................................................4

Figure 1-2-2-1 Simulation of electronic dispersion for graphene. The conduction and valence bands are merged each other at the six separated points. These points are so-called K points and can be mainly divided into two different sets of three points each. The points in each set are identical owing to their equivalent reciprocal lattice vectors. The two in-equivalent K and K′ points consist the valley iso-spin degree of freedom in graphene...................................................6

Figure 1-2-2-2ρ(E) as a function of electric field (E) demonstrated in the density of states (DOS) plot, one can see that the zero energy is located at the center of the band subjected to clean graphene...................................................6

Figure 1-2-3-1 Schematic of the experimental details reveals the excited laser focused on the graphene suspended across a gap...............................................8

Figure 1-2-3-2 Photocurrent generator performs the high-frequency characteristics of the MGM in photodetecting purpose at a data rate of 10 Gbit with 1.55-mm light excitation.................................................9

Figure 2-2-1 The schemes of crystallization, segregation, and amorphous solids......................................12

Figure 2-2-2 The Smix vs. N plot for a well-mixed melting process...................................................13

Figure 2-2-3 The f.c.c. unit cells for pure nickel and Al0.25CoCrFeNi high entropy...............................13

Figure 2-3-1 XRD patterns of Cu–Ni–Al–Co–Cr–Fe–Si alloy system demonstrated with increasing the incorporated alloying elements.........................................16

Figure 2-3-2 Hardness/lattice constant vs. x values in CuCoNiCrAlxFe alloy system: hardness of CuCoNiCrAlxFe alloys (A), lattice constants of an FCC phase (B), lattice constants of a BCC phase (C)..............................17

Figure 2-4-1 The engineering stress-strain curves of NbCrMo0.5Ta0.5TiZr alloy samples at 296 K, 1073 K, 1273 K, and 1473 K (Obtained from HIPd-compression method ).......18

Figure 2-4-2 The adhesive wear resistance vs. hardness plot measured from Pin-on-disk method. The codes of Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5, Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.5, Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti, and Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti alloys are Al00Ti05, Al02Ti05, Al00Ti10, and Al02Ti10, respectively..............................................19

Figure 2-4-3 Thermal diffusivity vs. temperature plot for Al and HEAs. HEA-a, HEA-b, HEA-c, and HEA-d are composed of Al0.3CrFe1.5MnNi0.5, Al0.5CrFe1.5MnNi0.5, Al0.3CrFe1.5MnNi0.5Mo0.1, and Al0.3CrFe1.5MnNi0.5Mo0.1, respectively..............................................21

Figure 4-1 Graphene grown via CVD. Step-1: to anneal the sample. Step-2: to flow the precursor into the tube. Step-3: after ceasing the source of precursor, the sample was moved out from the furnace using a magnetic force. Notice the overall Steps are purged with H2 in 2 × 10-1 torr......................................................27

Figure 5-1 XRD profiles of S0.5 (dark), S1.0 (red) and S1.5 (blue) (a), and corresponding electron backscattered images (b-d). Insert shows enhanced (200) reflection and the d and id denote dentrite and interdentrite structures...........30

Figure 5-2 2D/G mapping profiles of G0.5/S0.5 (a), G1.0/S1.0 (b) G1.5/S1.5 (c) and D/G mapping of G1.5/S1.5 (d). Raman spectra obtained from labeled regions in mapping profiles (e). Band intensity of 2D/G (red), D/G (dark) and FWHM (blue) at regions-A, -C, -E and -G (f)...............33

Figures 5-3-1 AFM images of G0.5 (a), G1.0 (c), G1.5 (e) and corresponding surface roughness profiles (b, d and f)........................................................37

Figures 5-3-2 Bright-field TEM images of G0.5/S0.5 (a) G1.0/S1.0 (c), G1.5/S1.5 (e) and corresponding ED (b, d and f) at Gx/Sx interfaces. Inserts show enhanced images of yellow rectangles labeled in (a) and (c), respectively....38

Figures 5-3-3 In-situ electron diffraction (ED) patterns. (a), (c), and (e) obtained from G0.5/S0.5, G1.0/S1.0, and G1.5/S1.5 interfaces while (b), (d), and (e) captured from S0.5, S1.0, and S1.5 substrates...........................39

Figure 5-4-1 STM image obtained from G0.5 (a), Moiré fringes established from S0.5 (110) plane (b), the fast Fourier transform image (c), and the sketch of S0.5 (110) graphene (yellow) rotated by 23° with respect to S0.5 (110) plane (grey) (d). Arrow denotes spacing between Moiré fringes. Insert shows enlarged image of yellow rectangle marked in (c).............................................43

Figure 5-4-2 Optical images obtained from G0.5 deposited onto SiO2/Si substrate (arrow 1) and graphene and graphite based on reman mapping are denoted as arrows 2 and 3 (insert). Arrow 4 is remaining HEA particles..............44

Figures 5-5 XPS spectra of Cu (a), Fe (b), Co (c), Ni (d), Mn (e) and C (f). Insert highlights C-1s peaks from Gx........................................................47

Figure 5-6 Field emission profiles of Gx/Sx (a), corresponding F-N plots (b) and emission structures from a single-, few- and multi-layer graphene (c). Inserts: enlarged profiles.........................................49

Figure 5-7 Growth mechanism of graphene on Sx. Step-1: thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons on Sx. Step-2: carbon adsorption onto Sx. Step-3: carbon dissolution into substrate. Step-4: cooling induced lattice contraction and carbon diffusion to Sx surfaces. Step-5: networking of surface carbon species....................................52

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