中文摘要
本研究目的在比較受試者之網球過肩投擲表現，藉由運動學分析探討在練習前與練習後動作型態之差異。研究方法是以八位慣用手為右手之國小六年級男童為受試對象，進行六週共360球的原地過肩投擲練習，透過兩台高速攝影機（CASIO EX-F1,300Hz）拍攝練習前後的動作，再以動作分析軟體（Kwon3D）擷取運動學參數，以相依樣本t考驗分析六個關節點（右腕、右肘、右肩、右髖、右膝、左膝）最大角度、最大角速度練習前後的差異，以皮爾森積差相關探討練習前後離手球速與六個關節點最大角度、最大角速度的關係，並檢驗練習前後上肢角速度峰值出現時序的差異，以及角度和角度分佈圖相互關係的差異，統計水準定為α＝.05。研究結果顯示：一、練習後之離手球速、最大角度（右髖除外）、最大角速度(右髖除外)均較練習前優異且達顯著差異（p＜.05）；二、練習前的離手球速與六個關節最大角度、最大角速度沒有相關，練習後的離手球速與右腕、右肘最大角度、最大角速度成正相關（p＜.05）；三、練習前在投擲期未呈現肩、肘、腕角速度峰值出現之時序，練習後在投擲期依次出現肩、肘、腕角速度峰值出現的動力鏈時序；四、練習前腕肘角度的分佈圖涵蓋面積較大，練習後腕肘角度的分佈圖涵蓋面積呈現狹長且集中的情形。本研究之結論為：充分的練習確實有助於離手球速的增加；上肢的腕關節以及肘關節的最大角度、最大角速度和離手球速的增加有密切的關係；練習後的動作型態符合動力鏈的時序；練習後的投擲動作型態，在球離手的瞬間，腕關節和肘關節的變大，亦是影響離手球速的關鍵因素。

關鍵詞：晚期兒童、過肩投擲、離手球速

Abstract
The purpose of the study was to compare differences of the participants in the tennis ball overarm throwing movement performances before and after practice.The research method was to choose eight boys of sixth grade to be subjects whom used right hand. After six weeks and altogether 360 balls practice of overarm throwing in original place. In order to obtain athlete performance in segmental motion, present study used two high speed camera(CASIO EX-F1,300Hz) to take the overarm throwing movement before and after practice. Kwon3D is the analytical system used to digitalize the visual data in order to obtain kinematical parameters . The experiment had been analyzed by the method of t-test of correlated sample, and Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient(α＝.05). The experiment had showed the following results:1. Initial ball speed,max angle (except right hip) and max angular velocity (except right hip)were better than before,and had a significantly different(p＜.05);2. Initial ball speed had no relationship with max angle and max angular velocity before practice,but now has positive correlation with wrist and elbow after practice(p＜.05);3.In the throw phase before practice,it didn’t appear order of shoulder, elbow, wrist peak angular velocity,but it conform to kinetic chain after practice;4.Observation on the angle-angle diagram of the wrist-elbow joints showed that the differences, The covering area is broad before practice.On the contrary,the covering area is long and narrow after practice. It was concluded that the full practice is really helpful for the initial ball speed. Upper limb joint's max angle and max angular velocity of wrist and elbow have the close relation with the initial ball speed. The throwing movement conform to the order of kinetic chain after practice. Wrist and elbow joints is the key aspect to affects the initial ball speed while the ball leaves hand. This suggested overarm throw athletes should be strengthen on wrist and elbow.

Key words：late childhood,overarm throwing, initial ball speed

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