研究生: |
楊月香 Yang Yueh-Hsiang |
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論文名稱: |
幼兒園扮演遊戲萌生課程之行動研究 An Action Research on Emergent Curriculum Generated from Dramatic Play in Kindergartens |
指導教授: | 周淑惠 |
口試委員: | |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
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論文出版年: | 2016 |
畢業學年度: | 104 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 170 |
中文關鍵詞: | 角落遊戲 、扮演遊戲 、萌發課程 、行動研究 |
外文關鍵詞: | thematic curriculum, dramatic play, emergent curriculum, action research |
相關次數: | 點閱:1 下載:0 |
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本研究是紀錄身為幼教老師在教學現場12年的我,重新找回對自身教學專業信心及重拾幼教夢的歷程,乃透過「知、行、思」循環的行動研究方式,實施以幼兒角落扮演遊戲為基礎,將其萌生為課程的主題課程。所探討的問題包括幼兒扮演遊戲萌生為課程的實施樣貌為何?教師運用哪些行動策略使幼兒扮演遊戲萌生為課程?以及幼兒扮演遊戲時萌生課程的發展歷程中遭遇哪些困境及如何因應解決?
本扮演遊戲萌生為課程共分「初始萌發期」、「成長延展期」、「穩固茁壯期」三個時期,整體上是從幼兒在角落扮演遊戲中的興趣出發,透過教師充實經驗活動與幼兒角落扮演遊戲交織循環的歷程,師生得以共構課程,亦即課程主權在老師與幼兒間平衡流動。實施角落扮演遊戲萌生課程所運用的策略,是經過文獻探討並配合班級特質、教學情境省思與調整後,提出12項行動策略,在「共同規劃架構」方面,主要在於網絡圖的預設、與幼兒共構、張貼及紀錄等四項策略,透過此四項策略讓幼兒清楚了解課程發展的走向及隨時檢視遊戲、課程的不足或進度。在「課程共構發展面向」方面,有(1)預先準備合宜的材料與角落情境架構;(2)進行觀察並作紀錄;(3)用民主方式處理幼兒遊戲問題或爭執;(4)在旁建議或適時參與遊戲:可順遊戲脈絡或內涵與方向;(5)搭配角色活用鷹架以延伸或豐富遊戲;(6)教師以「充實經驗活動」激發幼兒「自發遊戲」;(7)在團討中建議達成共識;(8)彈性運用時間規畫活動等8項策略。透過這8項策略的運用,維持幼兒遊戲興趣、深化遊戲內容及增進幼兒對課程主題的概念。
本遊戲課程施行中,遭遇的困難如下:(1)幼兒購物經驗不足,教師需針對其不足加倍強化充實;(2)遊戲課程發展不易兼顧幼兒興趣與各類節慶活動;(3)腸病毒意外停課,遊戲課程萌發中斷。面對上述困難教師透過多元的充實經驗活動,提供幼兒具體的購物經驗以豐富概念;並運用創意的思考,引導幼兒將節慶活動巧妙的與遊戲主題結合;最後在面對腸病毒的意外停課時,教師彈性的運用時間與規劃活動,重新喚起幼兒對遊戲的熾熱興趣,繼續進行預計的遊戲工作進度。最後省思本行動研究得以成功的因素有四:(1)本遊戲課程與教學均基於幼兒的生活經驗;(2)本遊戲課程在「幼兒角落遊戲興趣」與「教師充實經驗活動」間交互循環,是師生共構發展的課程;(3)本遊戲課程是基於研究者的省思與意欲改變調整的心態;(4)本遊戲課程是基於周密的與文獻探討之後取其行動策略以為參照;據以提出對實務教學及未來研究上的建議。
As a kindergarten teacher with 12 years of teaching experience, the main purpose of this study is to record the process of regaining confidence in the teaching profession and reviving the preschool education dream she had when she started teaching. It employed a “knowledge, action, reflection” approach in an action research lead to the course and results of carrying out dramatic play in an emergent curriculum. The following questions were investigated: What did it appear to employ children's role play in an emergent curriculum? What strategies did teachers adopt to incorporate children's dramatic play in an emergent curriculum? What were the difficulties encountered in the course of developing children's play in an emergent curriculum, and how were they coped with?
The emergent play curriculum has three phases: “Germination Phase,” “Growing Phase,” and “Flourishing Phase.” Beginning with arousing children's interest in dramatic play area, the thematic curriculum saw a repeated cycle of teachers' enriching activities and children's role play in learning area. Co-constructing the curriculum, the teachers and students took turns taking the lead. The proposed 12-action strategies adopted to employ the dramatic play in the emergent curriculum were proposed after conducting a literature review and an evaluation of the class characteristics as well as the teaching settings. The “common planning framework” is mainly based on four strategies, namely presetting a theme web, co-constructing with children, posting, and recording the theme web. The four strategies allowed children to clearly understand the development direction of the curriculum and the shortcomings of the play and curriculum as well as the progress to be inspected as the occasion demands. In terms of “curriculum co-construction development,” eight strategies were devised: 1. Prepare appropriate materials and corner settings framework in advance. 2. Observe and record. 3. Democratically resolve problems or disputes arising from children’s play. 4. Suggest by the side or to participate in the play at the right moment. 5. Match with different roles and scaffolding utilization to extend or enrich the play. 6. Teachers inspire children to play “spontaneous play” with “experience-enriching activities.” 7. Provide suggestions on group discussion and reach a consensus. 8. Make flexible use of time to schedule activities. The eight strategies were employed to retain children's interest in play, to deepen the play, and to enhance children’s understanding towards the theme of the curriculum.
In the process of play-generated curriculum, the difficulties encountered were resolved in the following ways: (1)As children lack shopping experiences, teachers needed to double the efforts to enrich correspondingly. (2)It is hard to give considerations to both children's play interests and the various festive events.(3)An outbreak of infections caused by enterovirus resulted in unexpected class suspension. The play-generated curriculum was interrupted. The methods utilized to overcome the above-mentioned obstacles are as follows. (1)Implementing experience-enriching activities. (2)Teachers creatively blending festive themes into the play curriculum.(3)Flexibly using time to schedule activities. In addition, there are four factors to make this play curriculum successful through reflection. Finally, suggestions were made regarding practical teaching and future research in accordance with what was learned from this action research.
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