近年來資訊傳輸速度和電子零件成本降低使得無人機技術取得重大進展，並且無人機被應用在多項領域，包括、運輸、攝影、救災等，商業化驅使無人機逐步面向大眾市場。然而無人機普遍受到承載重量及電池容量限制，續航力依舊是一大課題。近幾年矽鋼片價格飆升，且可應用於高頻率之鐵系金屬玻璃技術發展日趨成熟，將其用至高轉速之無人機外轉子永磁馬達極具潛力。
本論文將針對無人機所使用之外轉子永磁馬達(Outer-Rotor PM Motor)進行討論，從理論上剖析馬達設計參數，並整理各項設計之影響。選用商業範例電機作為模型，以市售商品之無人機永磁馬達，藉採用ANSYS 公司之RMxprt®軟體進行建模，再以Maxwell2D®進行二維磁場靜態及暫態分析，並以Solidworks®建立參數化幾何檔。深入討論矽鋼片定子及鐵係金屬玻璃材料定子之性能差異，並將馬達優化重心指向降低馬達損耗及提升效率。材料替換後進行參數重新設計，使用ANSYS Workbench®功能將設計重點參數化進行比較，採用Workbench®最佳化功能進行設計，將馬達效率作為主要目標。

In recent years, advancements in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology have been facilitated by the reduction in information transmission speeds and the cost of electronic components. UAVs are employed for applications in various fields such as transportation, photography, and disaster relief, with commercialization driving their gradual entry into the mainstream market. However, a challenge in drones is the limited range due to payload restriction and battery capacity. Since the price of silicon steel shoots up, while the promising development of Fe-based metallic glass technology in high-frequency applications have contributed to the potential applications in high-speed drone motors.
This thesis studies the Outer-Rotor Permanent Magnet Motor used in UAVs, analyzing motor design parameters theoretically and summarizing the impacts of various designs. A commercial UAV PM motor is selected as the model example from the market. Initial modeling is performed using ANSYS RMxprt® software, followed by two-dimensional static magnetic and transient analysis with Maxwell 2D®. Parametric modeling files are created using SolidWorks. This work compares the performance differences between silicon steel and iron-based amorphous metal stator in the motor. The design optimization is focused on reduction of motor losses and efficiency enhancement. For each material replacement, design parameters are assessed for comparisons by using ANSYS Workbench® functions. The primary goal of optimization is accomplished in motor efficiency enhancement.

[1] Alarado, Ed, “The Commercial Drone Market In 2023: Insights And Growth Projections” Drone Industry Insights, (2023)
[2] Meier, F., Ph. D. Dissertation, KTH, Sweden, “Permanent-magnet Synchronous Machines with Non-overlapping Concentrated Windings for Low-speed Direct-drive Applications”. (2008)
[3] Du, G.; Li, N.; Zhou, Q.; Gao, W.; Wang, L. and Pu, T. “Multi-Physics Comparison of Surface-Mounted and Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for High-Speed Applications,” Machines 2022, 10, 700. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10080700 (2022)
[4] A. Vagati, G. Pellegrino and P. Guglielmi, "Comparison between SPM and IPM motor drives for EV application,” The XIX International Conference on Electrical Machines - ICEM 2010, Rome, Italy, 2010, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ICELMACH.2010.5607911. (2010)
[5] A. M. EL-Refaie, “Fractional-Slot Concentrated-Windings Synchronous Permanent Magnet Machines: Opportunities and Challenges,” IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 107-121, Jan. 2010, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2009.2030211. (2010)
[6] Tang, Y., Paulides, J. J. H., Kazmin, E., and Lomonova, E. “ Investigation of winding topologies for permanent magnet in-wheel motors,” COMPEL: The International Journal for Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 31(1), 88-107. https://doi.org/10.1108/03321641211184841. (2012)
[7] 李正， 永磁電機的設計， 西安電子科技大學出版社, (2015)
[8] H. Jussila, P. Salminen, M. Niemela and J. Pyrhonen, “Guidelines for Designing Concentrated Winding Fractional Slot Permanent Magnet Machines,” 2007 International Conference on Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives, Setubal, Portugal, 2007, pp. 191-194, doi: 10.1109/POWERENG.2007.4380186. (2007)
[9] A. Krings, A. Boglietti, A. Cavagnino and S. Sprague, “Soft Magnetic Material Status and Trends in Electric Machines,” IEEE Trans. on Industrial Electronics, vol. 64, no. 3, pp. 2405-2414, March 2017, doi: 10.1109/TIE.2016.2613844. (2017)
[10] H. Gavrila and V. Ionita, “Crystalline and Amorphous Soft Magnetic Materials and their Applications—Status of Art and Challenges,” J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 173–192, Jun. (2002)
[11] Bhag S. Guru and Huseyin R. Hiziroglu, Electric Machinery and Transformers, Oxford University ,2001
[12] Metglas Inc, 77013 MetGlas Booklet #10_Layout 1. (2023.12.7) URL: https://metglas.com/distribution-transformer-electrical-steel/
[13] 寿太郎竹内、正司西方, 大學課程 電機設計學 改訂3版. オーム社, 2016.
[14] S. Morimoto, M. Sanada and Y. Takeda, "Wide-speed Operation of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors with High-performance Current Regulator,” IEEE Trans. on Industry Applications, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 920-926, July-Aug. 1994, doi: 10.1109/28.297908. (1994)
[15] Applications of Axial Flux Technology. (n.d.). NAXATRA LABS. (2023.12.14) URL:https://www.naxatralabs.com/post/technology-applications
[16] D. Jiles, Introduction to Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 2nd ed. London ;: Chapman and Hall. (1998)
[17] Rao, D. and Bagianathan, M., “Selection of Optimal Magnets for Traction Motors to Prevent Demagnetization,” Machines 2021, 9(6), 124, https://doi.org/10.3390/machines9060124. (2021)
[18] T. Vaimann, A. Kallaste, A. Kilk and A. Belahcen, "Magnetic Properties of Reduced Dy NdFeB Permanent Magnets and Their Usage in Electrical Machines," 2013 Africon, Pointe aux Piments, Mauritius, 2013, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/AFRCON.2013.6757787. (2013)
[19] Anrold Magnetic Techonology, Material Data Sheet.(2023.12.10) URL:https://www.arnoldmagnetics.com/blog/statement-re-ndaa-compliant-neodymium-iron-boron-material/
[20] Liang P, Pei Y, Chai F, Zhao K, ”Analytical Calculation of D- and Q-axis Inductance for Interior Permanent Magnet Motors Based on Winding Function Theory”, Energies. 2016; 9(8):580. https://doi.org/10.3390/en9080580 (2016)
[21] Ohnuma LAB, Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors.(2023.12.11)URL: https://user.numazu-ct.ac.jp/~ohnuma/e_research.html.
[22] 趙博，Ansoft 12在工程电磁场中的應用， 中國水利水電出版社。(2010)
[23] 黃昌圳,有限元素法在電機工程的應用. 全華圖書。 (2005)
[24] DongGuan YouYou Technology, Iron core one-stop solution.(2023.12.10) URL:https://www.20jneh1200.com/about.html