廣東順德——一座以美食矚目的城市，2014年被UNESCO評為「美食之都」(City of Gastronomy)，並在《尋味順德》美食紀錄片熱播後，觀光業迅速蓬勃發展。然而，這也對非觀光從業居民（以下簡稱：非觀居民）的生活產生影響，過去順德更側重經濟收益，對他們的研究較少，但在地居民是地方的主要居住群體，非觀居民的意見對地方永續發展很重要，因此本研究將以順德的非觀居民作為研究對象。
本研究採用質性研究，向在順德的非觀居民展開訪談，以新冠疫情前、中、後為時間維度進行分析。新冠疫情前，順德非觀居民有著強烈的地方認同，但美食觀光的快速發展加劇了交通擁擠，物價和房、租價格上升，以及地方飲食文化商品化等問題，增加非觀居民的生活壓力，此時的美食觀光直接進入觀光週期的發展階段，非觀居民也從最初的欣快轉為冷漠甚至厭煩。新冠疫情期間，觀光活動驟減，順德被迫進入觀光衰退階段，非觀居民對生活環境的改善感到滿意，也擔憂經濟衰退對地方發展的長期影響，但美食作為順德觀光的核心競爭力在此階段的多元發展，展現順德應對疫情災害有穩固的穩定力。後疫情時代，美食觀光復甦，體現順德有較強的復原力和觀光韌性，但非觀居民對此抱持不同態度，他們既希望觀光帶動經濟，也擔憂過度觀光將給順德的地方發展和他們的生活帶來更多負面衝擊與影響。
本研究顯示，順德非觀光從業居民的地方識覺和情感在美食觀光發展過程中產生變化，他們對觀光的態度深受觀光衝擊的影響。如何平衡觀光發展與居民生活需求，提升觀光韌性，將是確保美食觀光與順德地方整體的永續發展的關鍵。

Guangdong Shunde – a city renowned for its cuisine – was designated as a City of Gastronomy by UNESCO in 2014. Following the widespread popularity of the food documentary Taste of Shunde, the city’s tourism industry rapidly flourished. However, this growth has also impacted the lives of non-tourism residents. In the past, Shunde’s development focused on economic benefits, with relatively little research conducted on non-tourism residents. However, as they constitute the main local population, their perspectives are crucial for the region’s sustainable development. Therefore, this study focuses on Shunde’s non-tourism residents.
This study adopts a qualitative research approach, conducting interviews with non-tourism residents in Shunde. The analysis is structured around three time periods: before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Before the pandemic, non-tourism residents in Shunde exhibited a strong sense of local identity. However, the rapid expansion of food tourism intensified issues such as traffic congestion, rising prices for goods, housing, and rent, as well as the commercialization of local culinary culture. These pressures increased the living burden on non-tourism residents. At this stage, food tourism had directly entered the development stage of the tourism cycle, and the attitudes of non-tourism residents shifted from initial excitement to indifference or even frustration. During the pandemic, tourism activities declined sharply, pushing Shunde into the decline stage of the tourism cycle. Non-tourism residents were generally satisfied with improvements, but they also worried about the long-term impact of economic downturns on local development. However, as gastronomy remained the core competitive strength of Shunde’s tourism, the diversified development of its culinary industry during this period demonstrated the city’s resilience in coping with crises. In the post-pandemic era, food tourism rebounded, showcasing Shunde’s strong recovery capacity and tourism resilience. However, non-tourism residents held mixed attitudes toward this revival—they hoped tourism would drive economic growth, they also feared that over-tourism could bring further negative impacts on local development and their quality of life.
This study reveals that the perception of place and emotional connection of Shunde’s non-tourism residents have evolved throughout the development of food tourism. Their attitudes toward tourism have been significantly shaped by its impacts. Balancing tourism development with residents’ needs and enhancing tourism resilience will be key to ensuring the long-term sustainable development of Shunde’s tourism and the region as a whole.

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