本研究的目的是開發「彈性3D成形技術」製作精密鑄造用蠟型的佈料系統以及相關的製程。「彈性3D成形技術」是新開發的基層製造技術，特點為沿3D物件表面的切線方向佈料成形，並且根據物件表面曲度變更佈料成形方向及寬度，藉以提升成形速度；另外，在製程中加入熱刮製程將成品的表面抹平，以熱刮製程提升成品表面粗糙度。本研究將對工業用蠟進行可行性實驗，以列印葉輪部分模型為目標，找出適合的列印速度、佈料速度、佈料頭溫度，根據參數開發新的佈料系統，包含新的進料機構、佈料頭，兼具水平及垂直的佈料方向的自動切換並包含3DP技術中可變寬的功能，並開發葉片疊層參數以及冷卻降溫；最後結合熱刮機構及切換機構，結合列印製程與熱刮表面製程完成原型機，實現工業用蠟的「彈性3D成形技術」列印精密鑄造用之蠟型。

This research aims to develop a set of material dispensing system and process that meets the requirement of manufacturing industrial wax pattern for investment casting wax by applying “Freeform Additive Manufacturing (FAM)’’. The major features of the FAM technology are vari-directional material deposition along the tangential directions of part surface which gives surface smoothness and vari-dimensional material deposition according to the need of local geometry to increase build rate. A hot scraping process is added to smooth the surface of the product to improve surface finish. Separate tests were first conducted to form ribbon-shaped wax deposits, experiment basic process operations and determine basic process parameters such as dispensing speed, material feed rate and dispensing head temperature. From these results, a prototype material dispensing systems including a new feeding mechanism, a dispensing head combining horizontal and erect dispensing capability and a mechanism for adjusting widths of exits were design and build. Additional process parameters such as dispensing speed control, ribbon to ribbon joining technique and cooling arrangement were experimented and determined. Using the prototype system together with a hot scraping system, a wax pattern of a section of an impeller model were built by successive, alternating dispensing and hot scrapping operations on a single machine, demonstrating the functions of the new dispensing head and the FAM building process for wax patterns.

[1] Serope Kalpakjian , Steven R.Schmid ，“MANUFACTURING Engineering and Technology ’，Seven Edition， P259, 2014
[2] 曹哲之，科技部專題研究計畫書「彈性變向佈料高速3D成形技術」計畫編號MOST 103-2218-E-007-011，2014 (未公開文件)。
[3] 鄭宇珣，「積層製造PC Based 五軸CNC控制器之實現˩，國立清華大學碩士論文，2017
[4] 隆源成形，「隆原快速精铸˩, 2016, from
http://www.lyafs.com.cn/serviceinfo.aspx?id=2
[5] MattterHackers, “MOLDLAY Filament - 1.75mm (0.75 kg) ’’, 2019,from
https://www.matterhackers.com/store/3d-printer-filament/moldlay-filament-1.75mm
[6] instructables workshop, “Making Metal Parts With Your 3d Printer’’, 2019, from
https://www.instructables.com/id/Making-Metal-Parts-With-Your-3d-Printer/
[7] FILAMENTS.CA, MOLDLAY Filament - 1.75mm, 2019, from
https://filaments.ca/products/moldlay-filament-1-75mm?variant=4306690052
[8] polymaker, “PolyCast_Application_Note’’, 2018, retirved 2018, from
https://polymaker.com/Downloads/Application_Note/PolyCast_Application_Note_V1.pdf
[9]X3D, “ Polymaker PolyCast Filament’’,2019, from
https://x3dtechnology.com/products/polymaker-polycast-filament
[10] MachinableWax.com, “Print2Cast Wax Filament’’,2017 ,from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5qVk0nGp_SM
[11] MachinableWax.com, “Using Machinable Wax’’, 2019,from
https://www.machinablewax.com/technical.php
[12] 3D printing lab, 「什麼是DLP 3D Printing˩,2016, from
http://www.3dprintinglab.com.hk/blog/what-is-dlp-3d-printing
[13] EnvisionTEC, “PIC 100 Series’’2017, from
https://envisiontec.com/3d-printing-materials/micro-materials/pic100series/
[14] EnvisionTEC, 「Lost Wax Investment Casting Technical Guide ˩,2018, retirved 2018, from
https://envisiontec.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/TS-OPI-Casting-2018-V04-FN-EN.pdf
[15] stratasys , “FDM and PolyJet 3D Printing’’,2017 , retirved 2018, from
http://www.stratasys.com/-/media/files/white-papers-new/wp_du_fdmvspolyjet_a4_0917a.pdf
[16] stratasys , “Polyjet Investment Casting’’, 2017 , retirved 2018, from
http://www.stratasys.com/-/media/files/design-guides/dg_pj_investmentcasting_1217a.pdf
[17] 3DSystems, “MJP3600W Series’’,2019,from
https://www.3dsystems.com/3d-printers/projet-mjp-3600w-series
[18] 3DSystems, “VisiJet M3 Hi-Cast’’ ,2019,from
http://infocenter.3dsystems.com/materials/mjp/visijet-m3-hi-cast
[19] 3D-Systems, “MJP_Wax_Tech_Specs_USA4’’,NOV 15,2016 ,retirved 2018, from
https://www.3dsystems.com/sites/default/files/2017-01/3D-Systems_MJP_Wax_Tech_Specs_USA4_2016.11.15_a_WEB.pdf
[20] 3D HUBS, “Introduction to SLA 3D Printing’’ ,2019,from
https://www.3dhubs.com/knowledge-base/introduction-sla-3d-printing
[21] 3D Systems, “3D Systems Guide to Processing QuickCast Patterns’’ 2018 ,retirved 2018, from
https://ziladoc.com/download/3d-systems-guide-to-casting-using-quickcast-patterns_pdf
[22] 唐文聰(民90)。圖解機構辭典。台北市：全華科技圖書股份有限公司，72
[23] 林霈穎，「彈性3D成型技術：表面製程˩，國立清華大學碩士論文，2018
[24] 張禾炘，「彈性變性佈料高速3D成型技術：熱塑型塑膠布料系統與製程開發˩，國立清華大學碩士論文，2016
[25]簡得儒，「彈性3D成型技術：幾何資料處理軟體開發˩，國立清華大學碩士論文，2018，pp53-54
[26] 曹哲之, 林霈穎, 「彈性3D成型技術：表面製成Surface Processing for Freeform Additive Manufacturing˩ , July 2018 (非公開Confidential)
[27] Che-Chih Tsao*, Ho-Hsin Chang , et al. “Freeform Additive Manufacturing by vari-directional vari-dimensional material deposition”, Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 24, No. 2, 2018.
[28] Parallax Inc., Parallax Feedback 360° High-Speed Servo (#900-00360) v1.2 ,9/12/2017
[29] Parallax Inc., Propeller Activity Board WX (#32912) v2.1 ,9/27/2017
[30]Yunus A. Cengel, Afshin J. Ghajar, “Heat and Mass Transfer Fundamentals & Applications”, 5th Ed, 2015, P.908 Table A-3