同位素比質譜術於蜂蜜摻假之判定及甲基安非他命來源追踪之研究

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研究生：	蔡沛宜 Tsai, Pei-Yi
論文名稱：	同位素比質譜術於蜂蜜摻假之判定及甲基安非他命來源追踪之研究 Identification of honey adulteration and tracing the origin of methamphetamine by isotope ratio mass spectrometry
指導教授：	凌永健 Ling, Yong-Chien
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	理學院 - 化學系 Department of Chemistry
論文出版年：	2009
畢業學年度：	97
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	101
中文關鍵詞：	同位素比質譜儀、甲基安非他命、蜂蜜、來源追踪、摻假
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本研究利用穩定性同位素比質譜儀分析結果，進行蜂蜜摻假之判定及甲基安非他命來源追踪之研究，分別兩部分進行討論。
為降低蜂蜜售價，一些業者會加入低成本之醣類進行摻假，本研究以AOAC official method 998.12及978.17，以元素分析同位素比質譜儀進行穩定性同位素比值之分析，探討蜂蜜之摻假情形。蒐集8件農場取得之蜂蜜、12件市售蜂蜜及2件果糖，進行同位素比分析，兩方法分析結果相互吻合，成功區分出摻假蜜，農場取得之蜂蜜皆為純蜂蜜，市售樣品半數以上有摻假C4糖。使用δ13C值較趨近蜂蜜之果糖，能隱藏較高比例之摻假，需以蜂蜜中蛋白質為內標準品進行分析，清洗步驟須確實，以避免受蜂蜜δ13C值之影響而失真。
不純物剖面圖為傳統常用來判斷甲基安非他命合成途徑及來源，但不適用於高純度之樣品，無法提供有效資訊。本研究蒐集22件甲基安非他命查扣樣品及24件合成樣品，以氣相層析同位素比質譜儀進行甲基安非他命之碳、氮同位素比值之分析，輔以熔點、旋光度分析、GC/MS不純物分析，進行甲基安非他命來源追踪之研究。熔點及旋光度結果顯示大部分查扣樣品為右旋甲基安非他命，不純物結果則僅有5件樣品偵測到路徑特徵不純物，可判定其合成途徑。同位素比值結果顯示，甲基安非他命之δ13C值與其前驅物之δ13C值相關性高，δ 13C分析結果可協助追踪前驅物的來源，合成途徑皆會導致15N產生分餾現象，導致甲基安非他命及其前驅物之δ15N值關聯性低。利用甲基安非他命樣品之碳、氮同位素比結果，可區分批次、方法、前驅物不同之樣品，輔以群集分析，試用於查扣樣品，成功區分出關連性較高之樣品，可協助來源追踪。

第一章 緒論
1-1  同位素定義及效應    1
1-2  穩定同位素比值分析    3
     1-2-1  穩定同位素比值定義    3
     1-2-2  氣相層析同位素比質譜儀    4
     1-2-3  元素分析同位素比質譜儀    5
1-3  穩定同位素比值分析之應用    6
     1-3-1  食品摻假分析    6
1-3-2  毒品來源追踪    6
     1-3-3  其他    7
第二章 元素分析同位素比質譜儀判定蜂蜜摻假
2-1  前言    12
2-1-1  研究動機及目的    12
2-1-2  蜂蜜的成分    12
2-1-3    中華民國國家標準方法    13
2-1-4  AOAC official method 978.17    14
2-1-5  AOAC official method 998.12    14
2-1-6  文獻回顧    15
2-2  實驗方法        16
     2-2-1  實驗流程    16
     2-2-2  實驗設備與藥品    16
     2-2-3  樣品來源    17
     2-2-4  樣品混合    17
     2-2-5  蛋白質分離方法    17
     2-2-6  EA/IRMS分析    17
2-3  結果與討論    19
      2-3-1  蜂蜜樣品之δ13C分析–AOAC 978.17    19
      2-3-2  蛋白質樣品之δ13C分析–AOAC 998.12    19
      2-3-3  人工混合樣品之δ13C分析    20
      2-3-4  兩方法之分析比較    21
      2-3-5  蜜源判定    22
      2-3-6  產源判定    22
      2-3-7  價格判定    23
第三章 氣相層析同位素比質譜儀追踪甲基安非他命來源
3-1  前言    34
3-1-1  研究動機及目的    34
3-1-2  甲基安非他命歷史回顧    35
     3-1-3  甲基安非他命簡介    35
     3-1-4  文獻回顧    38
3-2  實驗方法    41
     3-2-1  實驗流程    41
     3-2-2  實驗設備與藥品    41
     3-2-3  查扣樣品    44
     3-2-4  合成樣品    45
     3-2-5  固態樣品前處理    45
     3-2-6  液態樣品前處理    46
     3-2-7  GC/MS分析    46
3-2-8  GC/IRMS分析    47
3-2-9  EA-IRMS分析    48
     3-2-10  統計分析    49
3-3  結果與討論    50
     3-3-1  成分確認    50
     3-3-2  熔點判定    50
     3-3-3  旋光度判定    51
     3-3-4  GC/MS判定    51
     3-3-5  GC/IRMS判定    54
3-3-6  來源追踪    57
第四章 總論、建議與展望
4-1  總論    90
4-1-1蜂蜜摻假之分析    90
4-1-2甲基安非他命來源追踪    91
4-2  建議    93
4-2-1蜂蜜摻假之分析    93
4-2-2甲基安非他命來源追踪    93
4-3  展望    94
 參考文獻    96

                                

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