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研究生: 黃予謙
Huang, Yu-Chien
論文名稱: 基於彩色影像之近乎可逆的資訊隱藏
Nearly Reversible Data Hiding in Color Images
指導教授: 陳朝欽
Chen, Chaur-Chin
口試委員: 朱學亭
陳建彰
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電機資訊學院 - 資訊系統與應用研究所
Institute of Information Systems and Applications
論文出版年: 2019
畢業學年度: 107
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 19
中文關鍵詞: 資訊隱藏直方圖可逆式
外文關鍵詞: hiding, Reversible, Histogram
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  • 近年來,可逆式資訊隱藏吸引了許多目光,其能在嵌入的機密抽取出來後, 無失真的還原原始影像。例如,直方圖位移是可逆式資訊隱藏的主要技術之一。 藉由修改直方圖,資訊可以被藏匿在像素值內,且其偽裝影像確保了高度的視覺 品質。然而,這項技術的嵌密量受到一定的限制。
    在本論文中,我們將直方圖位移方法應用在壓縮影像上,來改善嵌密量。所 使用之壓縮演算法為絕對值動量區塊截斷碼 (AMBTC),一種破壞性壓縮。我們 的方法是近乎可逆的,透過犧牲些許的視覺品質,提供了更大的嵌密量。此外, 我們使用簡單的邏輯操作來加密欲嵌入的訊息,以增強資料安全性。透過金鑰, 使用者能以互斥或運算來產生密文。實驗結果比 Ni 的方法達到了更大的嵌入量, 同時提供了更好的安全性以及良好的偽裝影像之視覺品質。


    In the recent years, reversible data hiding scheme has attracted a lot of attention, which is able to recover the original image without distortion after the embedded data is extracted. For example, histogram shifting is one of the major techniques in reversible data hiding. By modifying the histogram, the data can be hidden in a single pixel value, and it still ensures high visual quality in stego image. However, the embedding capacity of this technique is limited.
    In this thesis, we improve the capacity by applying histogram shifting method on the compressed image. The compression algorithm to be used is absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC), a lossy compression. Our scheme is nearly reversible that offers larger capacity by sacrificing a little visual quality. Furthermore, we encrypt the secret message by a simple logical operation to enhance the data security. With a key given by users, the exclusive-or operation is performed to generate the ciphertext. The experimental results achieve larger embedding capacity than histogram shifting method and also provide with good security and a stego image of good visual quality.

    Chapter 1 Introduction........................................................................1 Chapter 2 Background Review...........................................................3 2.1 Reversible data hiding based on histogram modification.............3 2.1.1 Find the peak and zero point in the histogram...........................3 2.1.2 Embedding algorithm.................................................................4 2.1.3 Extraction algorithm...................................................................5 2.2 Algorithm of AMBTC.....................................................................5 Chapter 3 The Proposed Method.......................................................8 3.1 Algorithm of embedding................................................................9 3.2 Algorithm of encryption................................................................10 3.3 Algorithm of extraction.................................................................11 Chapter 4 Experimental Results.........................................................13 Chapter 5 Conclusion.........................................................................16 References..........................................................................................17

    [Chang 2008] K.C. Chang, C.P. Chang, P.S. Huang, and T.M. Tu, “A Novel Image Steganographic Method Using Tri-way Pixel-Value Differencing,” Journal of Multimedia, Vol. 3, No. 2, 37-44, 2008.
    [Hu 2008] Y.J. Hu, H.K. Lee, K.Y. C, and J.W. Li, “Difference Expansion Based Reversible Data Hiding Using Two Embedding Directions,” IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, Vol. 10, No. 8, 1500-1512, 2008.
    [Huang2016] F.J. Huang, X.C. Qu, H.J. Kim, and J.W. Huang, “Reversible Data Hiding in JPEG Images,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and System for Video Technology, Vol. 26, No. 9, 1610-1620, 2016.
    [Jung2011] S.W. Jung, L.T. Ha, and S. J. Ko, “A New Histogram Modification Based Reversible Data Hiding Algorithm Considering the Human Visual System,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, Vol. 18, No. 2, 95-98, 2011.
    [Lema1984] M.D. Lema and O. R. Mitchell, “Absolute Moment Block Truncation Coding and Its Application to Color Images,” IEEE Transaction on Communications, Vol. COM-32, NO.10, 1148-1157, 1984.
    [Lee2011] C.W. Lee and W.H. Tsai, “A Lossless Large-Volume Data Hiding Method Based on Histogram Shifting Using an Optimal Hierarchical Block Division Scheme,” Journal of Information Science and Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 4, 1265-1282, 2011.
    [Lin2012] C.C. Lin and X.L. Liu, “A Reversible Data Hiding Scheme for Block Truncation Compressions based on Histogram Modification,” International Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computing, 157-160, 2012.
    [Li2013] X.L. Li, B. Li, B. Yang, and T.Y. Zeng, “General Framework to Histogram-Shifting-Based Reversible Data Hiding,” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, Vol. 22, No. 6, 2181-2191, 2013.
    [Ni2006] Z. Ni, Y.Q. Shi, N. Ansari, and W. Su, “Reversible Data Hiding,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and System for Video Technology, Vol. 16, No. 3, 354-361, 2006.
    [Tian2003] J. Tian, “Reversible Data Embedding Using a Difference Expansion,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol. 13, No. 8, 890-896, 2003.
    [Tseng2014] C.T. Tseng and C.C. Chen, “Steganography Based on Color Images,” National Tsing Hua University, Mar 2014.
    [Teng2009] C.Y. Teng and C.C. Chen, “A Data Hiding Algorithm Based on Histogram Re-quantization,” National Tsing Hua University, Jan 2009.
    [Wu2003] D.C Wu and W.H. Tsai, “A steganographic method for images by pixel-value differencing,” Pattern Recognition Letters, Vol. 24, No. 9-10, 1613-1626, 2003.
    [Web01] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steganography, last access on Jun 12, 2019.

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