凝態物理學研究固態和液態物質的物理性質，重點關注超導性、磁性和自旋軌道耦合（SOC）等現象。SOC 顯著影響材料的電子、磁性和光學性質，對於發展包括自旋電子學和量子計算在內的先進技術至關重要。本研究除了試圖建立分子束磊晶（MBE）技術並嘗試製造出具有特定性質的高品質晶體材料外，還透過兩個系統試圖探索 SOC 與磁性或超導性之間的相互作用。
研究分為三部分。第一部分研究 Ag(111) 上的 BiAg2 √3 × √3 R30◦ 薄膜上的少量鐵酞菁（FePc）分子行為，在此系統中，FePc 分子提供磁性，而 BiAg2薄膜具有顯著的 Rashba 效應並提供非常強的 SOC。第二部分聚焦於 FeTe 薄膜在塊狀 Bi2Te3 上的研究，該部分研究 FeTe 和 Bi2Te3 之間的層間超導性，此外Bi2Te3 作為一種常見的拓撲絕緣體 (Topological Insulator)，具有非常強的 SOC效應，兩者結合為研究超導性與 SOC 之間的相互作用提供平台。最後一部分是建立 MBE 系統在 Si(111) 表面上生長 Bi2Te3 薄膜，我們試圖生產高品質的拓
撲絕緣體薄膜，已允許我們進一步研究磁性與拓撲絕緣體或超導性與拓撲絕緣
體的結合。
在第一部分中，研究了 FePc 分子在 BiAg2√3 × √3 R30◦ 表面上的行為，以觀察磁性與 Rashba 表面的相互作用。在 77 K 條件下分析 FePc 分子的行為，發現分子在此溫度下呈現靜態和旋轉兩種不同的狀態。利用掃描隧道顯微鏡（STM）實現了對 FePc 分子在兩個態之間的可重複操控，並繪製了分子的 dI/dV 特性圖，闡明其電子特性。
第二部分通過研究 FeTe 薄膜在塊狀 Bi2Te3 上的行為複製了先前的實驗。在77 K 條件下，我們測量出 FeTe 在 Bi2Te3 上具有兩種晶相：一個具有 8 × 2 超晶格相，而另一個只是單純的四方晶格。由於反鐵磁性和電子波性質只發生在低溫，因此推測單純四方晶格相在低溫下會轉變為 2 × 1 條紋相，這與先前的研究一致。
第三部分使用 MBE 技術在 Si(111) 表面上生長了 Bi2Te3 薄膜。通過優化生長參數，獲得了適合進一步測量的平坦、乾淨的表面。調整基底溫度和沉積速率減少了鉍缺陷群聚 (Cluster) 的數量，表明參數優化過程的有效性。
本綜合研究旨在深入理解 SOC 及其與磁性或超導性結合時的影響，為材料科學和技術的進步提供見解和進展。

Condensed matter physics investigates the physical properties of matter in solid and liquid phases, with a focus on phenomena such as superconductivity, magnetism, and spin-orbit coupling (SOC). SOC significantly influences the electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of materials and is crucial for developing advanced technologies, including spintronics and quantum computing. This study
explores the interplay between SOC and magnetism or superconductivity, and trying to establish molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system to create high-quality crystalline materials with tailored properties.

The research is divided into three parts. The first part investigates iron phthalocyanine (FePc) molecules on a BiAg2 √3 × √3 R30◦ thin film on Ag(111), where FePc molecules provide magnetism and the BiAg2 phase, induced by strong SOC, offers a significant Rashba effect surface. In the second part, the focus is on FeTe thin films on bulk Bi2Te, providing a platform to study the interplay between superconductivity and SOC due to the inter-layer superconductivity between FeTe and Bi2Te. Bi2Te3, a well-known topological insulator, exhibits a strong SOC effect. The final part involves establishing an MBE system to grow
Bi2Te3 thin films on Si(111), enabling the production of high-quality topological insulator thin films. This allows further research on the combination of magnetism with topological insulators or superconductivity with topological insulators.

In the first part, FePc molecules on a BiAg2 √3 × √3R30◦ surface were studied to observe the interaction of magnetism with a large Rashba surface. The behavior of FePc molecules on this surface at 77 K was characterized, revealing static and rotating phases. Manipulation of FePc molecules was achieved using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and the dI/dV characteristics of the molecules were mapped to elucidate their electronic properties.

The second part replicated previous experiments by studying FeTe thin films on bulk Bi2Te3. Measurements at 77 K revealed two phases: an 8 × 2 SL phase and a tetragonal lattice. The antiferromagnetic and electronic wave properties at low temperatures suggest a transition to a 2 × 1 stripe phase, consistent with previous studies.

In the third part, Bi2Te3 thin films were grown on Si(111) surfaces using MBE. The optimization of growth parameters resulted in flat, clean surfaces suitable for further measurements. Adjusting the substrate temperature and deposition rates reduced the presence of bismuth clusters, indicating the effectiveness of the parameter optimization process.

This comprehensive study aims to deepen the understanding of SOC and its effects when combined with magnetism or superconductivity, providing insights and advancements in material science and technology.

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