發光器官為螢火蟲產生螢光的特化組織，至今對此器官如何運作依舊所知有限。本論文主要探討黑翅螢 (Luciola cerata)之發光器官中: (一)發現的新螢火蟲蛋白-脂肪酸結合蛋白(FABP)之功能與結構的特性，以及其在發光器官中的組織及細胞內之分佈; (二)反光層內的尿酸顆粒之型態與晶體特性。在分析黑翅螢發光器官中專一性表現蛋白的過程中，首次發現一種屬於脂肪酸結合蛋白家族的新螢火蟲蛋白，並將之命名為lcFABP。脂肪酸結合能力分析結果顯示細菌所表現的重組lcFABP具有結合長鏈脂肪酸的能力。胺基酸序列分析比較的結果顯示此新蛋白與其他FABP家族的成員在蛋白質結構特性上具有相似性。在黑翅螢體內, lcFABP被大量且高度專一性的表現在發光器官中。在發光器官中, lcFABP主要分佈發光細胞中。另外，利用生化偵測技術確認了黑翅螢發光器官之反光層中的白色不透明物質為尿酸。在電子顯微鏡下，這些在反光層細胞內的尿酸是被包裹在大小相當一致的球型小胞內。同時, 利用X光繞射分析結果顯示這些球型尿酸顆粒可能為一種液晶或半晶，且其X光繞射模式與其他鳥類和爬蟲類糞便，以及蠺皮膚中球型尿酸顆粒具有高度相似性。由於脂肪酸結合蛋白家族的成員被認為是一種負責提供細胞內能源的運送蛋白，因此推測lcFABP可能在發光器官中扮演提供連續性發光(閃爍)所需能量的重要角色。由於螢火蟲與其他動物體內的尿酸在型態與晶體特性上皆高度相似，因此推測這種球型尿酸晶體在這些動物體內形成的環境條件或機制可能都非常相似。

The light organ of adult fireflies is specialized for producing bioluminescence. In this dissertation, two important studies regarding to the light organ of firefly, Luciola cerata were described. First, the discovery and characterization of a novel firefly protein, fatty acid-binding protein (lcFABP) in the light organ. Second, the study of the morphology and crystal property of uric acid granules in the reflector layer. lcFABP was identified in a search for light organ-specific protein. The cDNA of lcFABP was successfully cloned, and the recombinant lcFABP from E. coli expression binds strongly to long chain fatty acids. Some similarities in structural features were found in the analysis of amino acid sequence of lcFABP with other reported FABPs. In light organ, lcFABP was abundantly expressed in the light-producing cells, photocytes. In addition, biochemical assay demonstrated that the white opaque matter filling in the reflector layer is uric acid. Electron microscopy studies showed that the uric acid is stored in spherical intracellular vesicles that are highly uniform in size. A unique single peak X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern detected in the XRD analysis of spherical uric acid granules from firefly light organ, is highly similar to those of spherical uric acid crystals found in the dropping of birds and reptiles, and the skin of silkworm larvae. Considering FABPs in other animals tissues are thought to be an energy source supplier, it is believed that lcFABP might be play a key role in supply energy source for continuous bioluminescent flashes in the light organ. The high similarity in morphology and crystal property between uric acid granules from fireflies and those from other animals suggested that the formation of the spherical uric acid crystals in firefly reflector layer and in other animal tissues might be highly similar.

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