本論文分別使用三維與二維的數值模擬來研究鰺魚式魚類胸鰭張開與收合游動模式的流體動力學。數值結果表明魚類胸鰭張開游動於史卓荷數 (St) 0.1–0.8，胸鰭後方會形成一對胸鰭渦漩，胸鰭渦漩與身軀側向擺動之間存在交互作用機制；當St = 0.2–0.8時，身軀側向擺動造成的局部高壓會抑制胸鰭渦漩的剝離，致使胸鰭渦漩留滯且緊貼於胸鰭後方；相反地，當St = 0.1，胸鰭渦漩會剝離並往下游移動，其相應之渦漩的低壓吸力可以輔助身軀側向擺動，以減少游動能耗，此為魚類重要的游動節能機制，因為魚類回收了胸鰭渦漩的能量。
本論文提出魚類胸鰭張開游動與魚類游動於上游D形擋體後方之流體動力學的類比，透過比對魚類使用胸鰭渦漩與上游D形擋體所產生之卡門渦漩的節能機制，結果說明節能機制雖然會以不同形式呈現於大自然中，但是魚類運用渦漩來減少自身游動能耗的概念卻是一樣。
魚類胸鰭收合游動於滑動數(slip) 0.409–0.732，身軀側向擺動引起的起始渦漩會在尾端形成一個貼附的低壓核心，低壓核心可以牽動尾部側向移動，以降低游動能耗；相對地，卻也會增加形狀阻力而不利於游動；當slip = 0.409時，魚類克服阻力游動所花費的能耗，會大於低壓核心輔助身軀側向擺動所減少的能耗。因此，游動能耗還是維持上升，但是此刻的魚類卻可以擁有較佳的機動能力來執行縱向與側向的操控式游動，這點說明魚類游動的能耗與機動能力之間存在一個折衷關係。
魚類在胸鰭收合的直游模式中，數值結果表明於一個身軀側向擺動的週期內，魚類可以擁有四次執行縱向操控式游動的最佳時機，分別為兩次直線加速與兩次直線減速；對照之下，魚類執行側向操控式游動的最佳時機卻只有兩次，分別為一次向右轉彎以及一次向左轉彎。本論文的研究結果對於仿生水下載具於游動節能與機動性能方面，將可以提供一個重要且實用的學理基礎。

In this thesis, the hydrodynamics of a carangiform fish swimming with the pectoral fins abducted and adducted were investigated with three- and two- dimensional simulations, respectively. For Strouhal numbers in a range 0.1–0.8, the numerical results reveal a pair of pectoral-fin vortices is formed behind the abducted pectoral fins of a swimming fish. There exist hydrodynamic interactions between the pectoral-fin vortices and the undulating fish body. For Strouhal numbers in a range 0.2–0.8, the undulating fish body produces a locally high pressure in the region downstream of the pectoral-fin vortices. This downstream high-pressure region adversely suppresses the detachment of pectoral-fin vortices, resulting in vortices closely attached behind the abducted pectoral fins. In contrast, for Strouhal number = 0.1, the pectoral-fin vortices are shed from the pectoral fins and drift downstream. The low-pressure suction force arising from the shed pectoral-fin vortices facilitate lateral movements of the fish body, decreasing the power consumption. We regard this mechanism as significant to harvest energy from the shed pectoral-fin vortices.
We also propose a biohydrodynamic analogy between a fish swimming with the pectoral fins abducted and a fish swimming behind an upstream D-shaped obstacle. Through examination of the energy-saving mechanism pertaining to pectoral-fin vortices and that pertaining to a Kármán vortex street shed by an upstream D-shaped obstacle, we found that, as long as there exist environmental vortices, a fish can readily initiate energy-saving actions. Although the manners of operation of these energy-saving actions vary, the exploitation of environmental vortices is common in fish.
For slip numbers in a range 0.409–0.732, the proto vortex caused by the undulating fish body produces a low-pressure kernel attached to the tail. The low-pressure kernel is beneficial for the decreased energy expenditure because of facilitating the lateral movement of a fish body but still unfavorable in terms of the forward movement of a fish due to an increased form drag. For slip number = 0.409, the enlargement of the energy expenditure to maintain the quasi-steady swimming of a fish is greater than the decrease of the energy expenditure provided by low-pressure kernel, leading to a net increased energy expenditure of a fish. Although a decreased slip number results in an increased energy expenditure of a swimming fish, the maneuvering capability to execute longitudinal and lateral maneuvers is enhanced. This condition indicates that there exists a hydrodynamic compromise between the energy expenditure and maneuvering capability of a swimming fish.
A timing of a fish swimming with the pectoral fins adducted to execute maneuvers from a straight-line swimming state is investigated numerically. In one undulation cycle of the fish, the numerical results reveal there are four time instants preferable for a fish to execute the longitudinal maneuvers–two for the linear acceleration and two for the linear deceleration, whereas only two time instants for the sideway maneuvers–one for turning right and one for turning left.
The energy-saving mechanism and maneuvering capability revealed in this thesis provide a useful biomechanical foundation for the design of future biomimetic vehicles with a view to diminish power consumption and execute maneuver.

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