摘要
在本論文研究中，利用含有雙十四烷基三甲基溴化銨界面活性劑之溶液成功了合成出了具多分支且長觸角的海膽狀奈米金結構，對此結構的生長機制進行探討，發現界面活性劑的雙鏈特性促使了此種結構的生成，而其成長方式可能為由小顆奈米粒子經聚集、成長而來。對此結構進行表面增強拉曼測試，其訊號提升效果遠優於球狀的金奈米粒子，表示此表面具長觸角的金奈米材料為一不錯的拉曼訊號增強基材。

Abstrat

In this study, we use the material containing bis(quaternary ammonium bromide) surfactant DC14TAB to promote formation of multiple tips echinus-like gold nanostructure.
For the growth mechanism, we find that the lipid-like property of this surfactant promotes the formation of echinus-like structure. From the experiment result, this structure may be formed first by aggregation of small nanoparticles, followed by growth into multiple tips echinus structure in the presence of dimeric surfactant DC14TAB as the structure- directing agent.
According to the lightning rod effect, multiple long tips structure on the surface of this particle will produce strong local electric field, this property can be used to enhance the Raman signal of surface absorbed organic molecule on the Au nanoechinus . We compare the intensity of Raman signal generated from Au nanoechinus with that from spherical Au NPs. The good signal enhancement of this particle show that it would be the potential candidate for the Raman signal enhancement substrate.

參考文獻

1. Ozin, G. A.; Arsenault, A. C. Nanochemistry: A Chemical Approach to Nanomaterials 2005. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK
2. (A)王崇人, “科學發展＂ , 2002, 354, 48-51(B) Zeng, J.; Zhang, Q.;Chen, J.; Xia, Y. Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 30.(C)Kelly, K. L.; Coronado, E.; Zhao, L. L.; Schatz, G. C., J. Phy. Chem. B 2003, 107, 668-677.
3. Wu, Y.; Yang, P. J. Am. Chem. Soc 2001, 123, 3165-3166.
4. Turkevich, J.; Hillier J; Stevenson, P. C. Discuss Faraday Soc.
1951,11,55
5. Kim, F.; Song, J. H.; Yang, P., J. Am. Chem. Soc 2002, 124,
14316-14317.
6. (A)郭靖癸、黃俊傑、牟中原,“金屬奈米粒子的製造”, 物理雙月刊,23卷,6期(B)Yu, Y.-Y.; Chang, S.-S.; Lee, C.-L.; Wang, C. R. C., J. Phy. Chem. B 1997, 101, 6661-6664
7. Brust, M.; Walker, M.; Bethell, D.; Schiffrin, D. J.; Whyman, R., Chem. Commum. 1994, 801
8. Brust, M.; Fink, J.; Bethell, D.; Schiffrin, D. J.; Kiely, C., 1995, 1655.
9. Jana, N. R.; Gearheart, L.; Murphy, C. J., J. Phy. Chem. B 2001, 105,
4065-4067
10.Sau, T. K.; Murphy, C. J., J. Am. Chem. Soc 2004, 2004 (126),
8648-8649
11.Millstone, J. E.; Metraux, G. S.; Mirkin, C. A., Adv. Funct. Mater. 2006, 16, 1209-1214
12.Hao, E.; Bailey, R. C.; Schatz, G. C.; Hupp, J. T.; Li, S., Nano Lett.
2004, 4, 327-330
13.(A)Murphy, C. J.; Sau, T. K.; Gole, A. M.; Orendorff, C. J.; Gao, J.; Gou, L.; Hunyadi, S. E.; Li, T., J. Phy. Chem. B 2005, 109, 13857-13870(B)Murphy, C. J.; Jana, N. R. Adv. Mater. 2002, 14, 80.
14.Gao, J.; Bender, C. M.; Murphy, C. J., Langmuir 2003, 19, 9065-9070
15.Wu, H.-Y.; Chu, H.-C.; Kuo, T.-J.; Kuo, C.-L.; Huang, M. H., Chem.
Mater. 2005, 17, 6447-6451.
16.Kou, X.; Zhang, S.; Tsung, C.-K.; Yeung, M. H.; Shi, Q.; Stucky, G. D.; Sun, L.; Wang, J.; Yan, C., J. Phy. Chem. B 2006, 110, 16377-16383.
17.Sreeprasad, T. S.; Samal, A. K.; Pradeep, T., Langmuir 2007, 23,
9463-9471.
18.Huang, W.-L.; Chen, C.-H.; Huang, M. H., J. Phy. Chem. C 2007, 111, 2533-2538
19.Kou, X.; Sun, Z.; Yang, Z.; Chen, H.; Wang, J., Langmuir 2009, 25,
1692-1698.
20.Chang, C.-C.; Wu, H.-L.; Kuo, C.-H.; Huang, M. H., Chem. Mater. 2008, 20, 7570-7574.
21.Ming, T.; Feng, W.; Tang, Q.; Wang, F.; Sun, L.; Wang, J.; Yan, C., J.
Am. Chem. Soc 2009, 131, 16350-16351
22.Chen, S.; Wang, Z. L.; Ballato, J.; Foulger, S. H.; Carroll, D. L., J. Am. Chem. Soc 2003, 125, 16186-16187.
23.Kuo, C.-H.; Huang, M. H., Langmuir 2005, 21, 2012-2016.
24.(A)Bakr, O. M.; Wunsch, B. H.; Stellacci, F., Chem. Mater. 2006, 18,
3297-3301.(B) Kumar, P. S.; Pastoriza-Santos, I.; Rodriguez-Gonzalez, B.; Abajo, F. J. G. d.; Liz-Marzan, L. M., Nanotechnology 2008, 19, 015605
25.(A)簡竹瑩,“不同尺寸奈米銀顆粒的製備及顆粒大小對苯甲酸表面增強拉曼散射的影響”,逢甲大學光電物理所,2007 (B)李冠卿, “物理雙週刊”,1983,第五卷,第四期,185 (C)洪詠達, “表面增強拉曼散射於單一細胞監測技術開發,國立陽明大學生醫光電工程所,2004
26.Xie, J.; Zheng, Q.; Lee, J. Y.; Wang, D. l. C., ACS NANO 2008, 2 (12), 2473-2480.
27.Khoury, C. G.; Vo-Dinh, T., J. Phy. Chem. C 2008, 112, 18849-18859.
28.Jena, B. K.; Raj, C. R., Chem. Mater. 2008, 20, 3546-3548.
29.Xie, J.; Lee, J. Y.; Wang, D. I. C., Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 2823-2830.
30.Jena, B. K.; Raj, C. R., Langmuir 2007, 23, 4064-4070.
31.Yamamoto, M.; Kashiwagi, Y.; Sakata, T.; Mori, H.; Nakamoto, M.,
Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 5391-5393.
32.Zana, R.; Benrraou, M.; Rueff, R., Langmuir 1991, 7, 1072-1075.
33.Johnson, C. J.; Dujardin, E.; Davis, S. A.; Murphy, C. J.; Mann, S.,
J. Mater. Chem. 2002, 12, 1765-1770.
34.Gluodenis, M.; Foss, C. A., J. Phy. Chem. B 2002, 106, 9484-9489.
35.Bode, A. M.; Cunningham, L.; Rose, R. C. Clin. Chem 1990, 36, 1807.
36.Ji, X.; Song, X.; Li, J.; Bai, Y.; Yang, W.; Peng, X. J. Am. Chem. Soc 2007, 129, 13939.
37.Grzelczak, M.; Perez-Juste, J.; Mulvaney, P.; Liz-Marzan, L. M.,
Chem.Soc.Rev. 2008, 37, 1783-1791.
38.Gole, A.; Murphy, C. J., Chem. Mater. 2004, 16, 3633-3640.
39.Hubert, F.; Testard, F.; Spalla, O., Langmuir 2008, 24, 9219-9222.
40.Nikoobakht, B.; El-Sayed, M. A., Chem. Mater. 2003, 15, 1957-1962.
41.Sau, T. K.; Murphy, C. J., Langmuir 2004, 20, 6414-6420.
42.Jana, N. R.; Gearheart, L.; Murphy, C. J., Adv. Mater. 2001, 1389-1393.
43.Pal, T.; De, S.; Jana, N. R.; Pradhan, N.; Mandal, R.; Pal, A., Langmuir 1998, 14, 4724-4730.
44.kim, F.; Sohn, K.; Wu, J.; Huang, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc 2008, 130, 14442
45.Liu, M.; Guyot-Sionnest, P., J. Phy. Chem. B 2005, 109, 22192-22200
46.Huang, X.; EI-Sayed, I. H.; Qian, W.; EI-Sayed, M. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc 2006, 128.
47.Kundu, S.; Lau, S.; Liang, H. J. Phy. Chem. C 2009, 113, 5150.
48.Busbee, B. D.; Obare, S. O.; Murphy, C. J. Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 414.
49.Niidome, Y.; Nishioka, K.; Kawasaki, H.; Yamada, S. Chem. Commum. 2003, 2376.
50.Wei, Z.; Mieszawska, A. J.; Zamborini, F. P. Langmuir 2004, 20, 4322.
51.Song, J. H.; Kim, F.; Kim, D.; Yang, P. Chem. Eur. J. 2005, 11, 910.
52.Zweifel, D. A.; Wei, A. Chem. Mater. 2005, 17, 4256.
53.Miranda, O. R.; Dollahon, N. R.; Ahmadi, T. S. Crystal Growth & Design 2006, 6, 2747.
54.Jiang, X. C.; Pileni, M. P. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 2007, 295, 228.
55.Kou, X.; Zhang, S.; Tsung, C.-K.; Yang, Z.; Yeung, M. H.; Stucky, G. D.; Sun, L.; Wang, J.; Yan, C. Chem. Eur. J. 2007, 13, 2929.
56.Nishioka, K.; Niidome, Y.; Yamada, S. Langmuir 2007, 23, 10353.
57.Wu, H.-Y.; Huang, W.-L.; Huang, M. H. Crystal Growth & Design 2007, 7, 831.
58.Okitsu, K.; Sharyo, K.; Nishimura, R. Langmuir 2009, 25, 7786.
59.Ha, T. H.; Koo, H.-J.; Chung, B. H. J. Phy. Chem. C 2007, 111, 1123.
60.Jena, B. K.; Raj, C. R. Langmuir 2007, 23, 4064.
61.Weissleder, R. Nature Biotechnology 2001, 19, 316.
62.Yamamuro, S.; SUmiyama, K. Chemical Physics Letters 2006, 418, 166.
63.Dovgolevsky, E.; Haick, H. Small 2008, 11, 2059.
64.Chen, H.; Sun, Z.; Ni, W.; Woo, K. C.; Lin, H.-Q.; Sun, L.; Yan, C.; Wang, J. Small 2009, 18, 2111.
65.Cao, C.; Park, S.; Sim, S. J. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 2008, 322, 152.
66.Yamamoto, M.; Kashiwagi, Y.; Sakata, T.; Mori, H.; Nakamoto, M. Chemistry Letters 2007, 36, 1348.
67.Niu, W.; Zhang, S.; Liu, D. W. X.; Li, H.; Han, S.; Chen, J.; Tang, Z.; Xu, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc 2009, 131, 697
68.M.Schwartzberg, A.; D.Grant, C.; Wolcott, A.; Talley, C. E.; Huser, T. R.; Bogomolni, R.; Zhang, J. Z. J. Phy. Chem. B 2004, 108, 19191.
69.M.McLellan, J.; Li, Z.-Y.; Siekkinen, A. R.; Xia, Y. Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 1013.
70.Philip, D.; Gopchandran, K. G.; Unni, C.; Nissamudeen, K. M. Spectrochimica Acta Part A 2008, 70, 780.
71.Haynes, C. L.; McFarland, A. D.; Zhao, L.; Duyne, R. P. V.; Schatz, G. C. J. Phy. Chem. B 2003, 107, 7337.
72.Thomas, K. G.; Barazzouk, S.; Ipe, B. I.; Joseph, S. T. S.; Kamat, P. V. J. Phy. Chem. B 2004, 108, 13066.
73.Joseph, S. T. S.; Ipe, B. I.; Pramod, P.; Thomas, K. G. J. Phy. Chem. B 2006, 110, 150.
74.Shen, X. S.; Wang, G. Z.; Hong, X.; Zhu, W. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2009, 11, 7450.
75.Narayanaswamy, A.; Xu, H.; Pradhan, N.; Kim, M.; Peng, X. J. Am. Chem. Soc 2006, 128, 10310.
76.Narayanaswamy, A.; Xu, H.; Pradhan, M.; Peng, X. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed 2006, 45, 5361
77.Lim, B.; Jiang, M.; Tao, J.; Camargo, P. H. C.; Zhu, Y.; Xia, Y. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2009, 19, 189.
78.Wiley, B.; Sun, Y.; Mayers, B.; Xia, Y. Chem. Eur. J. 2005, 11, 454.