論文摘要
這篇碩士論文處理的是笛卡爾在《沉思錄》一書中的第四沉思關於意志自由的問題，並且是從法蘭克福特提出的意志理論來探討。在第四沉思笛卡爾先說明他獨特的判斷理論，其中突顯出意志的角色，用來說明錯誤和全能不欺的上帝可以是相容的。而能證明任何我們所清晰明判知覺到的都為真，並且從這裡找到避免犯錯的方法做為之後沉思的指標。所以笛卡爾的意志自由論證的存在對第四沉思是重要的，對整個沉思錄也是必要的。本文主張可以由法蘭克福特的意志理論來補充笛卡爾意志自由論證的不足。
在結構上，本文將包含前面的導論和之後的四章，分別是：第一章，笛卡爾的第四沉思；第二章，笛卡爾的意志自由說在處理錯誤問題的優先性及限制；第三章，法蘭克福特的意志學說和其對笛卡爾第四沉思的支持；第四章，結論。由回顧文獻，笛卡爾的意志自由論證有下列的困難:1.笛卡爾如何說明意志是不受限制的，2.要怎樣說明意志自由的兩可的自由和自發的自由，而兩者彼此的關係是如何，3.自由意志論證無法說明為何全能的上帝不賦予人相當於人完美意志的完美理智，或使人只能自由地對清晰明判的知覺行使肯定的選擇，而令人不會犯錯。作者希望由法蘭克福特意志理論的特點׃法蘭克福特的意志階層理論，他主張：1.意志是主動的；2.意志預設了理智；3.意志是人形成自我的標誌；4.意志的不可分割性和意志的必然性是意志的構成性原則。我主張這正可以補足笛卡爾關於自由意志的說法，1.意志兩可的自由是意志做為人做決定的不能分割的能力的表現，2.意志的趨向於真和善的自發的自由就是法蘭克福特的決意的必然性，3.意志的兩可的自由和自發的自由就是意志的構成原則而不衝突，4.意志預設了理智，理智也依賴於意志。笛卡爾得以主張真誠不欺的上帝保證凡是清晰明判的知覺必為真，並進行下面的沉思。

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李蕙蓉(2006)《論法蘭克福之意志階層理論》, 清華大學哲學研究所碩士論文