主動式緊急應變系統 (Active Emergency Response System, AERS) 包含了智慧型災難防範 (intelligent Guard against Disasters, iGaDs) 等子系統，提供了災害對抗、緊急應變、損害評估等能力，幫助我們在災害來臨之前做適當的準備，並且在災害期間以及災後降低人員、財務的損失。主動式緊急應變系統框架主要包含了可擴充的程式庫，用以根據不同的需求構建客製化、本地化的智慧型災難防範系統以及主動式緊急應變系統，並且部署在各式的建築或室外場所。本論文探索、評估用不同的替代方案構建一個主動式緊急應變系統框架，作為開發此框架的第一步。基於主動式緊急應變系統是一個智慧家庭 (smart home) 以及物聯網 (Internet of Things, IoT) 系統，本論文深入研究:分別以現有的智慧家庭、物聯網以及一般用途的開發框架，來開發主動式緊急應變系統框架。第一個方法以擴展Eclipse SmartHome Framework來構建主動式緊急應變系統框架，第二個方法以擴展 IoTivity Framework 來構建主動式緊急應變系統框架，第三個方法從頭開始使用Microsoft .NET Framework，構建主動式緊急應變系統的組件及功能。

Active Emergency Response Systems (AERS) are systems that contains intelligent Guard against Disasters (iGaDs) and subsystems that provide functionalities to respond to disasters by taking appropriate actions, support damage assessment, and so on during emergencies. An AERS framework will have extensible libraries of reusable iGaDs and AERS components used to build localized and customized iGaDs and AERS for individual buildings and outdoor spaces. This thesis explores and evaluates alternative approaches to build an AERS framework for the first step in the effort of building an AERS framework. Due to an AERS is a smart home and Internet of Things (IoT) system, this thesis assesses approaches of building an AERS framework based on existing smart home, IoT and general purpose frameworks. The first part of the thesis assesses the approach of building an AERS framework by extending Eclipse SmartHome Framework (ESH). The second part of the thesis assesses the approach of building an AERS framework by extending IoTivity Framework. The third part of the thesis assesses the approach of tailor-making from scratch the component libraries and interfaces for building AERS, using Microsoft .NET Framework.

[1] J. W. S. Liu and E. T. H. Chu, “Dependability of Active Emergency Response Systems”, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Dependability (DEPEND2015), August 2015
[2] Chun-Yen Lin, Edward T.-H. Chu, Lun-Wei Ku, Jane W. S. Liu, “Active Disaster Response System for a Smart Building”, Sensors (Basel). 2014 Sep 18
[3] W. P. Liao, Y. Z. Ou, E. T. H. Chu, C. S. Shih and J. W. S. Liu “Ubiquitous Smart Devices and Applications for Disaster Preparedness”, Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing and 9th International Conference on Autonomic & Trusted Computing (UIC/ATC), 2012 9th International Conference
[4] Y.Z. Ou, C.M. Huang, C.T. Hu, J.W.S. Liu, E.T.H. Chu, C.S. Shih, “An Asynchronous Message Delivery Service for iGaDs (Intelligent Guards Against Disasters)”, Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing (IMIS), 2013 Seventh International Conference
[5] CAP: Common Alerting Protocol, v1.2,
https://docs.oasis-open.org/emergency/cap/v1.2/CAP-v1.2-os.html
[6] Software Framework, from Wikipedia,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_framework
[7] Riehle, Dirk, and Thomas Gross, “Role model based framework design and integration”, ACM SIGPLAN Notices. Vol. 33. No. 10. ACM, 1998
[8] CAP, v.1.2, USA Integrated Public Alert and Warning System Profile Version 1.0, https://docs.oasis-open.org/emergency/cap/v1.2/ipaws-profile/v1.0/cap-v1.2-ipaws-profile-v1.0.pdf
[9] CAP Taiwan Profile, v1.0, https://alerts.ncdr.nat.gov.tw/Document/CAP%20Taiwan%20Profile.pdf
[10] OIC Specification, v1.1, https://openconnectivity.org/resources/specifications
[11] 6LoWPAN: IPv6 over Low-Power Wireless Personal Area Networks, from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6LoWPAN
[12] MQTT: Message Queuing Telemetry Transport, https://www.oasis-open.org/news/announcements/mqtt-version-3-1-1-becomes-an-oasis-standard
[13] CoAP: Constrained Application Protocol, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7252
[14] Eclipse SmartHome Framework, https://eclipse.org/smarthome/
[15] Eclipse Kura Framework, https://eclipse.org/kura/
[16] IoTivity Framework, v1.1.1, https://www.iotivity.org/
[17] Microsoft .NET Framework, https://www.microsoft.com/net/
[18] Home automation/Smart home, from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_automation
[19] Vincent Ricquebourg, David Menga, David Durand, Bruno Marhic, Laurent Delahoche, Christophe Logé “The Smart Home Concept: our immediate future”, E-Learning in Industrial Electronics, 2006 1ST IEEE International Conference
[20] Atzori, Luigi, Antonio Iera, and Giacomo Morabito, “The internet of things: A survey”, Computer networks 54.15 (2010): 2787-2805
[21] Gubbi, Jayavardhana, et al., “Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions”, Future Generation Computer Systems 29.7 (2013): 1645-1660
[22] Java, from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_(software_platform)
[23] API: Application programming interface, from Wikipedia,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface
[24] Microsoft Windows, https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/
[25] Microsoft Windows 10 IoT, https://developer.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/iot
[26] Microsoft .NET Framework Memory Management and Garbage Collection,
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/0xy59wtx(v=vs.110).aspx
[27] Microsoft Visual Studio, https://www.visualstudio.com/
[28] Microsoft C# (C Sharp), https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/kx37x362.aspx
[29] Microsoft Visual Basic, https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2x7h1hfk.aspx
[30] Java runtime environment/Java virtual machine (JVM), from Wikipedia,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_virtual_machine#Execution_environment
[31] Eclipse SmartHome Framework Documentation, https://www.eclipse.org/smarthome/documentation/index.html
[32] OSGi: Open Service Gateway Initiative, https://www.osgi.org/
[33] Philips Hue Binding from ESH Documentation, https://www.eclipse.org/smarthome/documentation/features/bindings/hue/readme.html
[34] Philips Hue system, http://www.developers.meethue.com/
[35] Linux Foundation, https://www.linuxfoundation.org/
[36] OCF: Open Connectivity Foundation, https://openconnectivity.org/
[37] CoRE: Constrained RESTful Environments, https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/core/charter/
[38] IoTivity reference architecture, https://wiki.iotivity.org/architecture
[39] REST: Representational state transfer, from Wikipedia,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_state_transfer
[40] HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol, v1.1,
https://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616.html
[41] TCP: Transmission Control Protocol, https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc793.txt
[42] UDP: User Datagram Protocol, https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc768.txt
[43] RAML: RESTful API Modeling Language, http://raml.org/
[44] IoTivity Simulator, https://wiki.iotivity.org/iotivity_tool_guide
[45] .NET Framework Class Library (FCL),
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg145045(v=vs.110).aspx
[46] .NET Framework XMLDocument class library,
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.xml.xmldocument(v=vs.110).aspx
[47] CLS: Common Language Specification,
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/12a7a7h3(v=vs.110).aspx
[48] .NET Framework ASP.NET library, https://www.asp.net/
[49] .NET Framework Windows Presentation Foundation library, https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa663364.aspx
[50] .NET Framework XML Documents and Data library,
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/2bcctyt8(v=vs.110).aspx
[51] .NET Framework Base Class Library, from Wikipedia,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Libraries_(CLI)#Base_Class_Library
[52] .NET Framework System.Xml Namespaces,
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg145036(v=vs.110).aspx
[53] .NET Framework System.Data.Sql Namespace,
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/system.data.sql(v=vs.110).aspx
[54] .NET Framework List<T> Class,
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/6sh2ey19(v=vs.110).aspx
[55] .NET Framework Stack<T> Class,
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/3278tedw(v=vs.110).aspx
[56] .NET Framework HashSet<T> Class,
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb359438(v=vs.110).aspx
[57] CLR: Common Language Runtime,
https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/8bs2ecf4(v=vs.110).aspx
[58] IDE: Integrated development environment, from Wikipedia,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_development_environment
[59] Autocomplete, code completion, from Wikipedia,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autocomplete
[60] Breakpoint of IDE, from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakpoint
[61] M2M: Machine to machine, from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_to_machine
[62] Holler, Jan, et al., “From Machine-to-machine to the Internet of Things: Introduction to a New Age of Intelligence”, Academic Press, 2014
[63] CPS: Cyber-physical system, from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber-physical_system
[64] Alur Rajeev, “Principles of cyber-physical systems”, MIT Press, 2015.
[65] Smart city, from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_city
[66] Smart environment, from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_environment
[67] CPS PWG Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) Framework Release 1.0, https://pages.nist.gov/cpspwg/
[68] Eclipse Kure Framework, https://www.eclipse.org/kura/
[69] Chen, Min, et al., “A survey of recent developments in home M2M networks.”, IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials 16.1 (2014): 98-114.
[70] IPAWS: Integrated Public Alert & Warning System, https://www.fema.gov/integrated-public-alert-warning-system
[71] Sridhar, Siddharth, Adam Hahn, and Manimaran Govindarasu, “Cyber–physical system security for the electric power grid.”, Proceedings of the IEEE 100.1 (2012): 210-224.
[72] Vermesan, Ovidiu, and Peter Friess, eds., “Internet of things-from research and innovation to market deployment”, Aalborg: River Publishers, 2014.
[73] Weber, Rolf H., “Internet of Things–New security and privacy challenges”, Computer Law & Security Review 26.1 (2010): 23-30.
[74] ZigBee, http://www.zigbee.org/
[75] Su, Kehua, Jie Li, and Hongbo Fu., “Smart city and the applications.”, Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC), 2011 International Conference on. IEEE, 2011.
[76] Intelligent transportation system, from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligent_transportation_system
[77] National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), https://www.nist.gov/
[78] CPS Public Working Group, https://pages.nist.gov/cpspwg/
[79] Eclipse IoT projects, http://iot.eclipse.org/projects
[80] Bluetooth, https://www.bluetooth.com/what-is-bluetooth-technology/bluetooth
[81] Global Positioning System (GPS), http://www.gps.gov/systems/gps/
[82] Universal Serial Bus (USB), http://www.usb.org/home
[83] GPIO: General-purpose input/output, from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General-purpose_input/output
[84] I²C (pronounced I-squared-C): Inter-Integrated Circuit, from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C2%B2C
[85] Eclipse Paho, https://eclipse.org/paho/
[86] Edward T.-H. Chu, and Chung-Chih Wu, “An image-based seismic damage assessment system.” Multimedia Tools and Applications 75.3 (2016): 1721-1743
[87] J. W. S. Liu, E. T.H. Chu, F. T Lin and Z. L. Zhong, “Intelligent Indoor Emergency Evacuation Systems - Reference Architecture and Data Requirements”, to appear in Proceedings of Future Technologies Conference (FTC 2016), December 2016.
[88] CWB: Central Weather Bureau, http://www.cwb.gov.tw/eng/
[89] PubNub, https://www.pubnub.com/
[90] J. W. S. Liu, E. T. H. Chu, J. M. Ho, L. J. Chen, S.-W. Bai, Y.-C. Chen, Y.-J. Lin, & J. Su, “A Building/environment Data Based Indoor Positioning Service”, Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica Technical Report TR-IIS-15-001 Jan. 27, 2015
[91] Building information modeling (BIM), from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_information_modeling
[92] Facebook, from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook
[93] Ushahidi, https://www.ushahidi.com/
[94] Tibbo EM1000-TEV, http://docs.tibbo.com/phm/em1000-tev.htm

[95] AlertDialog of Android development, https://developer.android.com/reference/android/app/AlertDialog.html
[96] Yu-Chuan Chang, “Energy management for Intelligent Guards Against Disasters (iGaDs)”, National Tsing Hua University Electronic Theses & Dissertations 2015
[97] Benini, Luca, Alessandro Bogliolo, and Giovanni De Micheli, “A survey of design techniques for system-level dynamic power management.”, IEEE transactions on very large scale integration (VLSI) systems 8.3 (2000): 299-316.
[98] Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application-specific_integrated_circuit
[99] Apache Qpid, https://qpid.apache.org/
[100] PubSubHubbub protocol, from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PubSubHubbub
[101] Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP), https://www.amqp.org/
[102] Webhook, from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webhook
[103] Software Development Kit (SDK), from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_development_kit
[104] Arduino, https://www.arduino.cc/
[105] Unity, https://unity3d.com/
[106] Surveillance, from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveillance
[107] Mercalli intensity scale of earthquake, from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercalli_intensity_scale
[108] Wireless ad hoc network (WANET), from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_ad_hoc_network
[109] 3G mobile network, from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G
[110] Crowdsourcing, from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crowdsourcing
[111] Chu, Edward T-H., Yi-Lung Chen, Jyun-You Lin, Jane W. S. Liu, “Crowdsourcing support system for disaster surveillance and response”, Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC), 2012 15th International Symposium on. IEEE, 2012
[112] Short Message Service (SMS), from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_Message_Service
[113] Twitter, https://twitter.com/
[114] SensorML: Sensor Model Language, http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sensorml
[115] Yahoo Weather Service, https://developer.yahoo.com/weather/
[116] Eclipse SmartHome Event Type Definition, https://www.eclipse.org/smarthome/documentation/features/event-type-definition.html#define-new-event-type
[117] Geocodes of Taiwan cities, from NCDR, http://alerts.ncdr.nat.gov.tw/Document/行政區代碼表_Taiwan_Geocode_103_v2.xlsx
[118] Modular Rule Engine of Eclipse SmartHome Framework, https://www.eclipse.org/smarthome/documentation/features/rules.html
[119] Eclipse SmartHome Designer http://www.eclipse.org/smarthome/documentation/community/downloads.html
[120] Oracle XML Parsing for Java, https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/appdev.111/b28394/adx_j_parser.htm#ADXDK3000
[121] Open Source Rule Engines in Java,
https://java-source.net/open-source/rule-engines
[122] Raspberry Pi, https://www.raspberrypi.org/
[123] OFC specification 1.1.0, https://openconnectivity.org/resources/specifications

[124] IoTivity Services: Programmer's Guide for Primitive Services, https://wiki.iotivity.org/_media/wiki/programmers_guide_primitiveservice.pdf
[125] BLE: Bluetooth low energy, from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth_low_energy
[126] DTLS: Datagram Transport Layer Security, from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datagram_Transport_Layer_Security
[127] SDP: Session Description Protocol, https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4566
[128] IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force, https://www.ietf.org/
[129] oneIoTa Data Model Tool, http://oneiota.org/
[130] .NET Framework Class Library Overview, https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/class-library-overview
[131] System.Collections.Generic Namespace, https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-tw/library/system.collections.generic(v=vs.110).aspx
[132] DateTime API of .NET Framework,
https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-tw/library/system.datetime(v=vs.110).aspx
[133] .NET Framework XmlReader class library, https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-tw/library/system.xml.xmlreader(v=vs.110).aspx
[134] Point in polygon (PIP), from Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_in_polygon
[135] Image API of .NET Framework,
https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-tw/library/system.drawing.image(v=vs.110).aspx
[136] SoundPlayer API of .NET Framework, https://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-tw/library/system.media.soundplayer(v=vs.110).aspx
[137] .NET Micro Framework, https://www.netmf.com/
[138] .NET Core, https://www.microsoft.com/net/core#windowsvs2015