背向階梯的流場複雜，具有結構簡單、流場穩定性高的特點。從基本的背向階梯研究，一直到壁面噴流以及其他結構體的加入，不管在流場的變化性、流場溫度的表現、壁面溫度的分佈，都可發現其中許多值得探討的現象。本文分兩大方向進行研究，第一部份透過穩態的流場溫度量測，以及流場靜壓、上游入口處動壓值的量測，討論於背向階梯下游加入不同幾何形狀肋條，產生熱傳增益的主要機制；上游處動壓值的降低，導致入口流體質量流率降低，為彰顯低溫噴流，增加冷卻區域的主要原因，肋條高度為影響熱傳增益的主要因素之一，肋條寬度在1 H增加到2 H的時候，會減緩熱傳增益，繼續增加到3 H寬度時，熱傳增益則不再變化，至於在下游移動肋條的擺放位置，並不會影響流場內冷卻的效果。
第二部分透過暫態的流場與壁面溫度量測，以內、外機制的觀念，統合流場特性、溫度分佈、降溫幅度、降溫冷卻速率以及史丹頓數的暫態分佈，描述三種不同流場模態的冷卻效果與熱傳現象，低溫區域並不代表該處降溫幅度與降溫冷卻速率大，這是由於在未加入低溫噴流前，迴流區內屬於低溫區域，再接觸點之後則受到高溫入口流的影響，呈現高溫狀態，不同噴流量的加入，會促使內、外機制的依序發展，因此三種模態有不同的降溫幅度與降溫速率表現；在近壁面y = 1.5 mm截面上，各模態溫度差於x = 12.3 H該點穩態分佈圖，模態B與模態A之間相差7 ℃，模態C與模態A之間相差32 ℃，顯示提高75.2 %的質量流率比，即可產生357.1 %的溫度增益，因此近壁面流場與上壁面之間的溫度差異值，可用來判別外機制發展完成與否，結合質量流率比的設計概念，將流場落在特定的模態下，以達到有效率的冷卻降溫需求。

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