在這篇研究中我們將設計與合成含吡啶與不同的電子予體所構成的一系列熱活化延遲螢光放光材料，其中包括CzdmMPC、tCzdmMPC、246CzPPC、4CzPPC、4tCzPPC、4dpaPPC。這系列化合物依照電子予體及電子受體綜合的影響，其光色分布從深藍光至綠光。而在甲苯溶液所量測到的螢光放光光譜的波峰從最短的431 nm到502 nm，最低單重激發態與最低三重激發態的能階差ΔEST分別為0.64、0.58、0.22、0.30、0.23、0.20 eV，其中ΔEST較大的CzdmMPC、tCzdmMPC經由暫態螢光光譜（Transient PL）測量發現沒有熱活化延遲螢光（Thermally activated delayed fluorescence，TADF）的效應，而ΔEST較小的其他分子皆可以觀察到除了來自於直接螢光外的延遲螢光，代表三重激發態激發子可以經由環境中的熱能回到單重激發態進行放光，則有TADF效應。其中TADF材料的熱裂解溫度皆大於300 °C以上，代表在應用上可以有良好的熱穩定性，因此我們將這系列有機發光材料應用在有機發光二極體元件上，並調整不同條件包括發光層濃度、傳輸層厚度、有無阻擋層以便達到最佳的效率。其中，不具TADF性質的CzdmMPC、tCzdmMPC如同我們所預想般，經過最佳化條件後外部量子效率分別只有2.89%及3.12%，最大亮度分別只有551 cd/m2與1318 cd/m2，符合理論螢光元件5%的外部量子效率；而經過暫態螢光光譜所測得具有TADF效應的四個分子，分別是246CzPPC、4CzPPC、4tCzPPC、4dpaPPC經過元件的最佳化後都具有相當不錯的效率。其中藍光元件246CzPPC、4CzPPC、4tCzPPC中表現最佳的為4tCzPPC，經過最佳化結構後的最大外部量子效率為27.6%、最大亮度4539 cd/m2，其元件電激發光譜的峰波長位於494 nm，CIE為（0.18,0.41）。而表現最佳的為綠光元件的4dpaPPC，在元件的應用中達到了相當高的外部量子效率36.4 ± 1.5%、最大亮度8365 cd/m2，經由變角度光譜儀量測得知其有相當好的水平排列造成出光率較高、發光層的電荷平衡佳、使用折射率較低的傳輸層材料，以上三個條件都使4dpaPPC這個客體摻雜材料有非常高效的表現。

Thermally activated delayed-fluorescence (TADF) materials are important in future OLED display and lighting, especially on deep blue dopants are still challenging these days. In this research, we design a new series of pyridine derivatives such as CzdmMPC, tCzdmMPC, 246CzPPC, 4CzPPC, 4tCzPPC, 4dpaPPC and these six new materials were synthesized. We combined different electron donor and electron acceptor to achieve the color range from deep blue to green, wavelength range from 431 nm to 502 nm measured in 10-5M toluene solution. Furthermore, we calculated the energy gap between singlet excited state and triplet excited state (ΔEST), the ΔEST are 0.64、0.58、0.22、0.30、0.23、0.20 eV respectively for the above compounds. And CzdmMPC, tCzdmMPC has been using Transient PL to find out that they only give prompt fluorescence, since they both have relatively big ΔEST. Others compounds such as 246CzPPC、4CzPPC、4tCzPPC、4dpaPPC they all got TADF properties with detecting delayed fluorescence on Transient PL, since their ΔEST are relatively small (below 300 meV). All of these compounds has high Td above 300°C showing good thermal stability when applying on device. Furthermore, CzdmMPC and tCzdmMPC shows poor external quantum efficiencies 2.89% and 3.12%, maximum luminescence were 551 cd/m2 and 1318 cd/m2, since they got relatively big ΔEST so their efficiencies only close to theoretical fluorescence dopant emitter.
We further improved the device structure for the four TADF materials 246CzPPC、4CzPPC、4tCzPPC、4dpaPPC, by adjusting the concentration of emitting layer, changing the thickness of transporting layer, with or without blocking layer to get better device performance. Among these four TADF materials, 4tCzPPC showed the maximum external quantum efficiencies 27.6% for sky-blue OLED devices, maximum luminance is 4539 cd/m2, it gives peak wavelength at 494 nm, and (0.18,0.41) for the CIE values.
And the best performance among these four TADF materials is 4dpaPPC, it has maximum external quantum efficiencies at 36.4 ± 1.5%, maximum luminance at 8365 cd/m2. We did some investigation for these device, such as performing unipolar device to prove that there has excellent charge balance in the emitting layer; also did the angle-dependent PL measurement, and found out that 4dpaPPC doped in mCPCN host has excellent horizontal dipole moment alignment for the result Θ = 0.86, and finally the excellent efficiencies is also achieved by using low refractive index (low-n) transporting layer as TAPC and 3TPYMB, these three conditions is the reason for the outstanding performance of 4dpaPPC device.

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