創業家對社會與經濟貢獻的重要性吸引了學者對相關議題進行廣泛的研究，然而過去學者對創業議題雖多有觀察，卻多是以單一層次的觀點來探討。本研究以更全觀的視野，結合複雜調適系統 (Complex Adaptive System, CAS) 理論，透過個案研究法，以次級資料的蒐集、半結構式的訪談等等，來對市場導向型、技術導向型，以及實驗室導向型，這三種類型之新創公司以及創業中介組織 (加速器) 進行個案研究，探討新創企業成長的過程以及其所受到加速器的輔導與支持。
本研究以全觀的視角彙整出五大研究結果。其一，新創公司企業之創業動機常是來自於創業家本身或是其團隊能夠在市場上找到空位。其二，新創企業在成長的過程中，不論是個人或是團隊都會不斷的隨著環境進行自組織、演化。其三，新創與加速器會有資源循環以及再循環效果。其四，不論是新創團隊、加速器，亦或是投資人，其相互之間會有一種標示作用。最後，不論是何種類型的新創公司，其與環境的互動都還是會依照自身的情況有所不同而進行複雜調適過程。

The importance of entrepreneurs' contributions to society and the economy has attracted scholars to conduct extensive research on entrepreneurship-related issues, but although scholars have made many observations on start-ups in the past, they have mostly examined them from a single level perspective. This study takes a more holistic view and combines the Complex Adaptive System (CAS) theory with secondary data collection and semi-structured interviews to conduct case studies of three types of start-ups: market-based, technology-based, and laboratory-based, as well as entrepreneurial intermediary organizations (Accelerators).
The study takes a holistic view and compiles five major findings. First, the motivation to start a new venture often comes from the entrepreneurs themselves or their team's ability to find a space in the market. Secondly, in the process of growth, both individuals and teams of start-ups will continue to self-organize and evolve with the environment. Third, the start-ups and the accelerators will have the effect of recycling and recirculating resources. Fourth, there will be a “tagging” behavior between the start-up team, the accelerators, and the investors. Finally, regardless of the type of start-up, its interaction with the environment is a complex process of adaptation that varies according to its own circumstances.

英文部分
Acs, Z. J., & Szerb, L. (2007). Entrepreneurship, economic growth and public policy. Small business economics, 28(2-3), 109-122.
Amit, R., & Zott, C. (2001). Value creation in e‐business. Strategic management journal, 22(6‐7), 493-520.
Al Mubaraki, M., & Busler, M. (2011). The development of entrepreneurial companies through business incubator programs. International Journal of EmergingSciences, 1(2), 95.
Baker, D. B., & Benjamin Jr, L. T. (2000). The affirmation of the scientist-practitioner: A look back at Boulder. American Psychologist, 55(2), 241.
Baron, R. A. (2008). The role of affect in the entrepreneurial process. Academy of management Review, 33(2), 328-340.
Baum J.A., Calabrese C.T., & Silverman, B.S. (2000). Don't go it alone: Alliance network composition and startups' performance in Canadian biotechnology. Strategic Management Journal, 21 (SI), 267-294.
Bergek, A., & Norrman, C. (2008). Incubator best practice: A framework. Technovation, 28(1-2), 20-28.
Bessant J., Rush H. (1995). Building bridges for innovation: the role of consultants in technology transfer. Research Policy 24, 97–114.
Bird B. (1989). Entrepreneurial behavior. Glenview, IL: Scott, Foresman
Birley, S. (1985). The role of networks in the entrepreneurial process. Journal of business venturing, 1(1), 107-117.
Birley, S., & Westhead, P. (1994). A taxonomy of business start-up reasons and their impact on firm growth and size. Journal of business venturing, 9(1), 7-31.
Cantamessa, M., Gatteschi, V., Perboli, G., & Rosano, M. (2018). Startups’ roads to failure. Sustainability, 10(7), 2346.
Cavallo, A., Ghezzi, A., Dell'Era, C., & Pellizzoni, E. (2019). Fostering digital entrepreneurship from startup to scaleup: The role of venture capital funds and angel groups. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 145, 24-35.
Chatterji, A., Delecourt, S., Hasan, S., & Koning, R. (2019). When does advice impact startup performance?. Strategic Management Journal, 40(3), 331-356.
Chell, E. (2007). Social enterprise and entrepreneurship: Towards a convergent theory of the entrepreneurial process. International small business journal, 25(1), 5-26.
Churchill, N., & Bygrave, W. D. (1989). The Entrepreneur ship Paradigm (I): A Philosophical Look at Its Research Methodologies. Entrepreneurship Theory and practice, 14(1), 7-26.
Cohen, S. (2013). What do accelerators do? Insights from incubators and angels. Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization, 8(3-4), 19-25.
Cohen, S., & Hochberg, Y. V. (2014). Accelerating startups: The seed accelerator phenomenon.
Cohen, S., Fehder, D. C., Hochberg, Y. V., & Murray, F. (2019). The design of startup accelerators. Research Policy, 48(7), 1781–1797.
Combs, J. G., & Ketchen Jr, D. J. (2003). Why do firms use franchising as an entrepreneurial strategy?: A meta-analysis. Journal of management, 29(3), 443-465.
Cooper, A. C. (1985). The role of incubator organizations in the founding of growth-oriented firms. Journal of business Venturing, 1(1), 75-86.
Cooper, A. C., Albert B. (1977). Success among high-technology firms. Business Horizons, 20, 16-22.
Corbett, A. C. (2007). Learning asymmetries and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities. Journal of business venturing, 22(1), 97-118.
Cunningham, J. B., & Lischeron, J. (1991). Defining entrepreneurship. Journal of small business management, 29(1), 45-61.
avidson, P., Low, M. B., Wright, M. (2001). Low and McMillan ten years on: Achievements and future directions for entrepreneurship research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 25, 5–16.
Davila, A., Foster, G., & Gupta, M. (2003). Venture capital financing and the growth of startup firms. Journal of business venturing, 18(6), 689-708.
Davila, A., & Foster, G. (2007). Management control systems in early‐stage startup companies. The accounting review, 82(4), 907-937.
Davila, A., Foster, G., & Jia, N. (2010). Building sustainable high-growth startup companies: Management systems as an accelerator. California Management Review, 52(3), 79-105.
Dess, G. G., Lumpkin, G. T., & Covin, J. G. (1997). Entrepreneurial strategy making and firm performance: Tests of contingency and configurational models. Strategic management journal, 18(9), 677-695.
De Carolis, D. M., & Saparito, P. (2006). Social capital, cognition, and entrepreneurial opportunities: A theoretical framework. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 30(1), 41-56.
Dimov, D. (2011). Grappling with the unbearable elusiveness of entrepreneurial opportunities. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 35(1), 57-81.
Dooley K. (1997). A complex adaptive systems model of organizational change. Non-linear Dynamics. Psychology and the Life Sciences 1, 69-97
Duruflé, G., Hellmann, T. F., & Wilson, K. E. (2017). From start-up to scale-up: examining public policies for the financing of high-growth ventures. CEPR Discussion Paper No. DP12004.
Eldar, O., Grennan, J., & Waldock, K. (2020). Common ownership and startup growth. Duke Law School Public Law & Legal Theory Series, (2019-42).
Eisenhardt, K. M., Claudia, S. (1990). Organizational growth: Linking founding team, strategy, environment, and growth among U.S. semiconductor ventures, 1978-1988. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35, 504-529.
Eisenmann, T. R., Ries, E., & Dillard, S. (2012). Hypothesis-driven entrepreneurship: The lean startup. Harvard Business School Entrepreneurial Management Case, (812-095).
Etemad, H. (2004). International entrepreneurship as a dynamic adaptive system: towards a grounded theory. Journal of international entrepreneurship, 2(1-2), 5-59.
Fehder, D. (2018). Coming from a Good Pond: The Organizational Consequences of a Startup’s Early-Stage Ecosystem. Available at SSRN.
Feldman, M. P. (2014). The character of innovative places: entrepreneurial strategy, economic development, and prosperity. Small Business Economics, 43(1), 9-20.
Francis, D. H., & Sandberg, W. R. (2000). Friendship within entrepreneurial teams and its association with team and venture performance. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, 25(2), 5–26.
Gans, J. S., Stern, S., & Wu, J. (2019). Foundations of entrepreneurial strategy. Strategic Management Journal, 40(5), 736-756.
Gartner, W. B. (1990). What are we talking about when we talk about entrepreneurship?. Journal of Business venturing, 5(1), 15-28.
Goldstein, J. (1999). Emergence as a construct: History and issues. Emergence, 1(1), 49-72.
Gonzalez-Uribe, J., & Leatherbee, M. (2018). The effects of business accelerators on venture performance: Evidence from start-up chile. The Review of Financial Studies, 31(4), 1566-1603.
Han, M., & McKelvey, B. (2008). Toward a social capital theory of technology‐based new ventures as complex adaptive systems. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management.
Hallen, B. L., Bingham, C. B., & Cohen, S. (2014). Do accelerators accelerate? A study of venture accelerators as a path to success?. In Academy of management proceedings (Vol. 2014, No. 1, p. 12955). Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510: Academy of Management.
Hallen, B. L., Cohen, S. L., & Bingham, C. B. (2020). Do Accelerators Work? If So, How?. Organization Science, 31(2), 378-414.
Holland, J. H. (1992). Complex adaptive systems. Daedalus, 121(1), 17-30. Holland, J. H. (1995). Hidden order: how adaptation builds complexity. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Addison-Wesley.
Honjo, Y. (2004). Growth of new start-up firms: evidence from the Japanese manufacturing industry. Applied Economics, 36(4), 343-355.
Howells, J. (2006). Intermediation and the role of intermediaries in innovation. Research policy, 35(5), 715-728.
Hwangbo, Y., & Kim, J. H. (2016). Impact of start-up incubator service on the start-up performance. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 11(5), 57-66.
Jack, S. L., & Anderson, A. R. (2002). The effects of embeddedness on the entrepreneurial process. Journal of business Venturing, 17(5), 467-487.
Jones, M. V., & Coviello, N. E. (2005). Internationalisation: conceptualising an entrepreneurial process of behaviour in time. Journal of International Business Studies, 36(3), 284-303.
Lee, J.-D. & Deng, H.-H. (2013). A Study on creating an Entrepreneur-friendly Startup Environment. Economic Research, 14, 130-151.
Lechler, T. (2001). Social Interaction: A Determinant of Entrepreneurial Team Venture Success. Small Business Economics 16, 263- 78.
Low, M. B., & MacMillan, I. C. (1988). Entrepreneurship: Past research and future challenges. Journal of management, 14(2), 139-161.
Lu, J.W., & Beamish, P.W. (2001). The internationalization and performance of SMEs. Strategic Management Journal, 22(6/7), 565-586.
Lussier, N., Robert.(1996). Reasons Why Small Business Fail and How to avoid failure. The Entrepreneurial Executive, 1(2), 10-17.
McEvily, B., & Zaheer, A. (1999). Bridging ties: A source of firm heterogeneity in competitive capabilities. Strategic management journal, 20(12), 1133-1156.
McGrath, R., & MacMillan, I. (2000). The entrepreneurial mindset. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
McKelvey, B., (2004). Toward a Complexity Science of Entrepreneurship, Journal of Business Venturing, 19(3), 313-341.
Mihata, K. (1997). The persistence of emergence. In: Raymond, A., Eve, Horsfall, S.H.R., Lee, M. (Eds.), Chaos, Complexity, and Sociology. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.
Morales-Gualdrón, S. T., Gutiérrez-Gracia, A., & Dobón, S. R. (2009). The entrepreneurial motivation in academia: a multidimensiona Mihata, K. 1997. The persistence of emergence. In: Raymond, A., Eve, Horsfall, S.H.R., Lee, M. (Eds.), Chaos, Complexity, and Sociology. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA. l construct. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 5(3),301-317.
Moore Geoffrey, A. (1991). crossing the Chasm.
Motoyama, Y., & Bell-Masterson, J. (2014). Beyond metropolitan startup rates: Regional factors associated with startup growth. Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation.
Motoyama, Y., & Knowlton, K. (2017). Examining the connections within the startup
ecosystem: A case study of St. Louis. Entrepreneurship Research Journal, 7(1). Murray, J. A. (1984). A concept of entrepreneurial strategy. Strategic Management
Journal, 5(1), 1-13.
Okrah, J., Nepp, A., & Agbozo, E. (2018). Exploring the factors of startup success and
growth. The Business & Management Review, 9(3), 229-237.
Packard, M. D., Clark, B. B., & Klein, P. G. (2017). Uncertainty types and transitions in the
entrepreneurial process. Organization Science, 28(5), 840-856.
Patton, M. Q. (1990). Humanistic psychology and humanistic research. Person-Centered Review.
Pugliese, R., Bortoluzzi, G., & Zupic, I. (2016). Putting process on track: empirical research on start-ups’ growth drivers. Management Decision.
Rasmussen, E. S., & Tanev, S. (2015). The emergence of the lean global startup as a new type of firm. Technology Innovation Management Review, 5(11).
Reuber, A. R., Knight, G. A., Liesch, P. W., & Zhou, L. (2018). International entrepreneurship: The pursuit of entrepreneurial opportunities across national borders.
Reynolds, P., & Miller, B. (1992). New firm gestation: Conception, birth, and implications for research. Journal of Business Venturing, 7(5), 405-417.
Rogers, E. M. (1962). Diffusion of innovations. New York: Free Press of Glencoe.
Roundy, P. T., Bradshaw, M., & Brockman, B. K. (2018). The emergence of entrepreneurial ecosystems: A complex adaptive systems approach. Journal of Business Research, 86, 1-10.
Sexton, D. L., & Smilor, R. W. (1986). The art and science of entrepreneurship. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Academy for Entrepreneurial Leadership Historical Research Reference in Entrepreneurship.
Shapero, A., & Sokol, L. (1982). The social dimensions of entrepreneurship. Encyclopedia of entrepreneurship, 72-90.
Shane, S. (2000). Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities. Organization science, 11(4), 448-469.
Shane, S., Locke, E. A., & Collins, C. J. (2003). Entrepreneurial motivation. Human resource management review, 13(2), 257-279.
Smilor, R. W. (1987). Managing the incubator system: critical success factors to accelerate new company development. IEEE transactions on Engineering Management, (3), 146-155.
Singh, J.V., Tucker, D.J., & House, R.J. (1986). Organizational Legitimacy and the Liability of Newness. Administrative Science Quarterly, 31(2), 171-193.
Steiber, A., & Alänge, S. (2020). Corporate-startup collaboration: effects on large firms' business transformation. European Journal of Innovation Management.
Terpstra, D. E., & Olson, P. D. (1993). Entrepreneurial start-up and growth: A classification of problems. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 17(3), 5-20.
Tzabbar, D., & Margolis, J. (2017). Beyond the startup stage: The founding team’s human capital, new venture’s stage of life, founder–CEO duality, and breakthrough innovation. Organization Science, 28(5), 857-872.
Vyakarnam S.B., Myers A., Burnett D. (1997). Towards an Understanding of Ethical Behaviour in Small Firms. Journal of Business Ethics 16(5), 1625-1636.
Weemaes, S., Bruneel, J., Gaeremynck, A., & Debrulle, J. (2020). Initial external knowledge sources and start-up growth. Small Business Economics, 1-18.
Yin, R. (1994). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Beverly Hills
Yu, S. (2020). How do accelerators impact the performance of high-technology ventures? Management Science, 66(2), 530-552.

中文部分
方世杰、黃美卿(2006)。國際新創企業創業歷程:機會與風險的挑戰。創業管理研究，1(1)，75-100。doi:10.30132/JER.200612.0003
林倖君 (2015). 台灣育成中心與育成加速器可提供之資源差異化探討. 臺灣經濟研究月刊, 38(11), 130-136.
高誌廷、盧俊吉、林怡先、徐郁倫、林逸泓、林昭元(2017)。新創企業創業歷程之研究。管理資訊計算，6，132-141。doi:10.6285/MIC.6(S4).15
郭育仁、嚴萬璋(2014)。國際創新創業發展模式對台灣之啟示。產業與管理論壇， 16(4)，4-27。
陳志成. (2009). 新創企業型態與區位選擇: 台灣電子產業之實證. 創業管理研究, 4(3), 105-127。
陳基祥(2013)。創業願景與創業績效之關聯性研究。創業管理研究，8(3)，57-8
張元杰、陳旻男(2010)。新創事業成長策略:商機-資源-組織的共演。科技管理學刊，15(2)，83-116。doi:10.6378/JTM.201006.0083
周德光、吳孟珍(2008)。創新群聚的塑型：創業行為的複雜調適過程。創業管理研究, 3(4), 1-19。doi: 10.30132/JER.200812.0001
張凱惠(2014)。新創企業加速中: 主要國家創業加速器計畫之分析。臺灣經濟研究月刊，37(6)，27-34。doi:10.29656/TERM.201406.0005
黃瓊琪(2019)。台灣品牌企業發展類型剖析(一)-新創企業的品牌突圍起手式臺灣經濟研究月刊，42(7)，37-43。doi:10.29656/TERM.201907_42(7).0006
傅如彬、吳清炎、胡美智(2021)。「加速新創公司破繭而出的推手:海外創業中介 組織的角色」。管理學報, 38(1), 1-22。doi: 10.6504/JMBR.202103_38(1).0001
蔡敦浩、林韶怡 & 利尚仁(2010)。行動導向的創業歷程: 以複雜調適系統觀點再現創業經驗。管理學報, 27(1), 57-73.
賴明弘、楊筑涵(2017)。美台育成加速器與群眾募資平台商業模式比較研究。中科大學報，4(1)，1-36。doi:10.6902/JNTUST.201712_4(1).0001
謝凱雯、莊愛珠(2010)。新創企業之市場開發策略-以複合式餐廳為例。運籌管理評論，4(1)，117-123。doi:10.29836/LMR.201012.0009

網路資料
經濟部中小企業處(2016).105年度全球創業觀察調查計畫.Retrieved from https://sme.moeasmea.gov.tw/startup/upload/downloads/20170623041041gtd.pdf, as seen on November 15, 2020.
經濟部統計處(2021).新公司設計家數統計資.Retrieved from https://dmz26.moea.gov.tw/GA/common/Common.aspx?code=F&no=7, as seen on Nov 10, 2021
台衫資本(2019).產業新創投資白皮書.Retrieved from https://www.taiwaniacapital.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/191023.pdf as seen on Nov 10, 2021
天下雜誌(2019).新創公司5年內存活率只有1%?創業真的很危險嗎?.Retrieved from：https://www.cw.com.tw/article/5095239?template=transformers, as seen on November 15, 2020.
股感知識庫(2020).種子輪、天使輪、Pre-A輪、A輪、B輪、C輪，新創募資階段怎麼分？輪到我了嗎？.Retrieved from https://www.stockfeel.com.tw/%E7%A8%AE%E5%AD%90%E8%BC%AA-%E5%A4%A9%E4%BD%BF%E8%BC%AA-pre-a-a%E8%BC%AA-b%E8%BC%AA-c%E8%BC%AA-%E6%96%B0%E5%89%B5-%E5%8B%9F%E8%B3%87-%E5%89%B5%E6%8A%95/, as seen on November 15, 2020.
數位時代(2021).海外資金湧現！台灣新創奔向全球市場，如何發掘下一波成長動能?. Retrieved from https://www.bnext.com.tw/article/65975/2021-startup-survey as seen on Nov 10, 2021
創業小聚(2021).車險界的羅賓漢！羅賓斯科技結合金融科技與線上服務讓車險投保不再繁瑣費時. Retrieved from https://meet.bnext.com.tw/articles/view/48204, as seen on Nov 27, 2021
聯合新聞網(2021).創業之星／配客嘉攻循環包裝生態系, Retrieved from https://udn.com/news/story/7241/5625129, as seen on Nov 27, 2021
創業小聚(2021).解放笨重辛苦的「人工」！PowerArena為工廠提供AI即時影像分析服務，讓產線更有效率, Retrieved from https://meet.bnext.com.tw/articles/view/48102, as seen on Nov 27, 2021
工商時報(2020).顛覆聲學市場的聖德斯貴 讓聲音無所不在, Retrieved from https://ctee.com.tw/industrynews/353066.html, as seen on Nov 27, 2021