An SoC Platform for Mobile MIMO-OFDMA Communications｜國立清華大學博碩士論文庫

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研究生：	陳威名 Chen, Wei-Ming
論文名稱：	An SoC Platform for Mobile MIMO-OFDMA Communications 適用於多輸入多輸出/正交分頻多工存取通訊系統之系統晶片測試平台
指導教授：	馬席彬 Ma, Hsi-Pin
口試委員:	汪重光 Wang, Chorng-Kuang 蔡佩芸 Tsai, Pei-Yun 許騰尹 Hsu, Terng-Yin
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電機工程學系 Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年：	2011
畢業學年度：	100
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	70
中文關鍵詞：	正交分頻多工存取、系統單晶片、射頻模組、全球互通微波存取
外文關鍵詞：	OFDMA, SoC, RF, WiMAX
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在本篇論文中，提出了一個為了符合IEEE802.16e標準的多重輸入輸出正交分頻多工存取傳輸機並且整合2x2全球互通微波存取的射頻模組的系統單晶片測試平台。此測試平台包含了數位硬體設計，ARM軟體設計，全球互通微波存取的射頻模組以及系統單晶片平台。其硬體設計及ARM軟體設計皆經過完整的驗證以及合成。在本論文中，提供一個完整的系統測試平台適用於全球互通微波存取的通訊系統，藉由整合射頻模組的軟硬體架構而實現無線傳輸系統。

　　此外，設計者可以憑藉著這個有效率的平台式設計概念解決產品雜度以及產品上市時間的問題。更進一步來說，系統單晶片平台式設計概念降低了驗證時的不確定性，大大的降低了設計的成本與風險。在此篇論文中，使用圖片檔案做為傳輸的資料，除了可以比較傳統的錯誤率(BER)或是信噪比(SNR)的波形，設計者更可以用不同的角度觀察並驗證系統解調的結果。

　　本篇論文中提出的測試平台實現了無線通訊系統，由於整合了含有許多多媒體元件的系統單晶片平台，設計者可以即時的從LCD銀幕上驗證全球互通微波存取的通訊系統，此外整合了射頻模組更可以在現實的環境下驗證無線通訊的演算法。

In this thesis, an system-on-chip (SoC) testbed integrated with 2-transmitter-antennas 2-
receiver-antennas (2T2R) WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access) RF (Radio
Frequency) module and IP (intellectual property) cores for MIMO-OFDMA (multi-input
multi-output orthogonal frequency division multiple access) transceiver of IEEE802.16e standard
is presented. The proposed testbed consisted of digital hardware design, ARM software
design, WiMAX RF module and SoC platform. The digital hardware and ARM software design
have been synthesized and verified completely. In this published, provided a complete
system testbed for WiMAX communications, which integrated with WiMAX RF module and
modulated by 3-wire control software to achieve wireless transmission.
Moreover, designers could use an efficient strategy of platform-based design to deal with
product complexity and time-to-market problems. Furthermore, SoC platform-based design
minimized the unreliability of verification that extremely reduce design costs and risks. In
this proposed testbed, used the figure file as the transmission data. For this reason, designers
would verify and observe decoded results in different viewpoints rather than verify only in bit
error rate/signal-to-noise ratio (BER/SNR) waveforms.
The proposed testbed achieved complete wireless transmission system, and improved the
SCO of the MIMO-OFDMA transceiver, due to integrate with SoC platform which contained
various multimedia. Therefore, designers could verify the WiMAX communication system
directly and observe results in real time by the liquid crystal display (LCD) panel. On the
other hand, the proposed testbed integrated with the RF module, hence designers could verify
communication algorithms in real environments.

Abstract i
Introduction 1
1 Backgrounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Introduction of WiMAX System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 OFDM and OFDMA System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Introduction of IEEE 802.16e Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 SoC Platform Design Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2 Motivation of Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3 Organization of the Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
SoC Platform Architecture 9
1 ARM RISC Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2 AMBA Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1 AMBA AHB Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.2 AMBA APB Bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3 Logic Module (FPGA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2x2WiMAX RF Module 21
1 Feature and Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2 The 2T2R RF Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3 The 2-channel AD/DA and Data Buffer Board (ABB Board) . . . . . . . . . 24
4 Clocks Condition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
5 Measurement and Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
SoC Integration 31
1 Integration Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.1 Flash Card . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
1.2 LCD Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
1.3 SDRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2 Software Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.1 LCD Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.2 SDRAM Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3 Clock Issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4 Testbed Architecture for Uplink System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.1 Transmitter Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.2 Receiver Integration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Emulation Results and Analysis 55
1 Emulation Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
1.1 Resource Utilization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
1.2 Power Consumption . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
1.3 Transmission Results and Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
2 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2.1 Offset Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2.2 Clock Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
2.3 Capacitance Charging and Discharging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.4 Frequency Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
2.5 Environment Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Conclusion 67
1 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2 Future Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

                                

[1] Yu-Jen Wu, Jung-Mao Lin and Hsi-Pin Ma, “A Baseband Testbed for Uplink Mobile
MIMO WiMAX Communications,” in Proc. ISCAS 2009, May 2009, pp. 794–797.
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MIMO-OFDMA Uplink Communications,” in Proc. IEEE GLOBECOM, Nov. 2007,
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[9] AMBA Specification, ARM Limited Std., Rev. 2.0, 1999.
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[12] Stratix II Device Family Data Sheet, Altera Corporation.
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[14] Md. Abdul Latif Sarker and Moon Ho Lee, “FPGA-Based MIMO Testbed for LTE Application,”
in Wireless and Optical Communications Networks (WOCN), 2011 Eighth
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