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研究生： 林勵
Lin, LI
論文名稱： 以數值方法探討相變化材料封裝形狀對鋰離子電池自然對流散熱之影響
Geometry effect of PCM container on the thermal management of lithium-ion batteries: Numerical investigation
指導教授： 林洸銓
Lin, Kuang C.
口試委員: 許智能
Hsu, Chih-Neng
廖川傑
Liao, Chuan-Chieh
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 原子科學院 - 工程與系統科學系
Department of Engineering and System Science
論文出版年： 2025
畢業學年度： 113
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 62
中文關鍵詞： 鋰離子電池 、電池熱管理系統 、數值模擬
外文關鍵詞： lithium-ion battery, battery thermal management system (BTMS), numerical simulation
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    • 鋰離子電池的安全性和性能高度取決於有效的熱管理。本研究透過 ANSYS Fluent 對相變材料 (PCM) 的被動冷卻進行研究，評估自然對流下的三種幾何結構，圓形、方形和六邊形。同時透過實驗數據驗證了充放電循環發熱模型，結果顯示最糟情況下的熱分析具高度相關性和可靠性。在數值模擬的結果中，PCM-自然對流混和式冷卻能夠在不同環境條件及電流負載下有效地穩定電池溫度。PCM幾何形狀對於體積平均的電池溫度作用甚小，但其結果足以影響局部溫度分布及PCM的融化行為，而方形幾何形狀可提供更均勻的冷卻。當空隙率從 0.55 變為 0.44可使PCM之液相分率增加達 6.3% 同時僅導致電池溫度微幅上升（≤0.82°C）並略為改善熱分布的均勻性。PCM 還能降低高環境條件下的溫升，將峰值溫度保持在 47°C 以下，甚至在不熔化的情況下也能將電池溫度降低多達 3.3°C。

    The safety and performance of lithium-ion batteries depend heavily on effective thermal management. This study numerically investigates passive cooling using phase change materials (PCMs) under natural convection, evaluating three PCM geometries—circular, square, and hexagonal—via ANSYS Fluent. A discharge-charge cycle heat generation model was validated against experimental data, demonstrating strong reliability for thermal analysis in high-stress conditions. Simulation results confirm that PCM-natural convection hybrid cooling effectively stabilizes battery temperatures under varying ambient conditions and load profiles. PCM geometry has minimal influence on volume-averaged cell temperature but affects local temperature distribution and melting behavior, with square geometry offering more uniform cooling. Reducing void fraction from 0.55 to 0.44 increases PCM melt by up to 6.3% but causes only a modest rise in cell temperature (≤0.82 °C) while slightly improving thermal uniformity. PCM also reduces temperature rise under high ambient conditions, keeping peak temperatures below 47 °C and lowering cell temperature by up to 3.3 °C even without melting.

    中文摘要...............ii Abstract...............iii Table of Contents...............iv List of Tables...............vi List of Figures...............vii Nomenclature...............xi Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION...............1 1.1 Background...............1 1.1.1 Lithium-ion battery...............1 1.1.2 PCM hybrid cooling...............1 1.2 Literature Review...............2 1.2.1 PCM cooling and test scenarios...............2 1.2.2 Battery heat generation equations...............4 1.2.3 PCM package and geometry...............5 1.3 Objective...............6 Chapter 2 METHODOLOGY...............8 2.1 Physical model and experiment setup...............8 2.2 Numerical model...............10 2.2.1 Boundary conditions and initial conditions...............11 2.2.2 Assumptions...............12 2.2.3 Grid independent test...............13 2.2.4 Governing equations...............14 2.2.5 Heat generation model of battery...............15 2.2.6 Simulation model setting and solution methods...............16 2.3 0D model validation...............17 2.4 Void fraction of battery package...............18 2.5 Validation of single cell without PCM and heat losses.......19 Chapter 3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION...............22 3.1 Geometry effects...............22 3.2 Void fraction effects...............32 3.3 Ambient temperature effects...............46 Chapter 4 Conclusions...............56 Reference...............58 Appendix...............62

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