位向專一性固化之胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶功能化磁性奈米粒子及其在有機合成上之應用

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研究生：	游景晴 Ching-Ching Yu
論文名稱：	位向專一性固化之胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶功能化磁性奈米粒子及其在有機合成上之應用 Site-Specific CMP-Sialic Acid Synthetase Immobilized Magnetic Nanoparticle and Its Application in Organic Synthesis
指導教授：	林俊成 Chun-Cheng Lin
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	理學院 - 化學系 Department of Chemistry
論文出版年：	2007
畢業學年度：	95
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	81
中文關鍵詞：	胞苷單磷酸唾液酸、胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶、磁性奈米粒子、位向專一性固化、天然化學連結法
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在本論文中，將探討位向專一方式之酵素固定化。結合 Intein 蛋白質表達系統與磁性奈米粒子，並利用 Native Chemical Ligation 反應機制，將胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶固化於磁性奈米粒子上。不需經過繁瑣之純化步驟，就能將酵素C 端位以位向專一性方式，共價鍵結於磁性奈米粒子，並且利用磁鐵就能夠快速地將酵素於反應溶液中分離。固化之胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶功能化磁性奈米粒子能夠長時間保存；於多次重複使用後，依然維持相當好之反應性。相較於傳統以隨機醯胺鍵形成進行酵素固定化，本方法是以位向專一性方式進行固化，而反應性較傳統方式高出許多。結合生物與奈米技術之酵素–磁性奈米粒子，不單單能夠應用於有機合成，酵素的回收再利用，更加提高了其經濟價值。

CMP-sialic acid synthetase ( CSS ) was immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles ( MNPs ) by combining the intein expression system and native chemical ligation. Without tedious enzyme purification steps, the enzyme was site specifically and covalently immobilized via its C terminus to MNP and could be directly separated from aqueous solution by a magnet. The MNP-CSS was stable for long-term storage ( 30 days at 4 oC ) and could be reused without loss of activity. Compared with conventional immobilization by random amide bond formation, our method of site-specific immobilization of CSS yielded much higher activity. These features of MNP-CSS suggest that it, and similarly immobilized enzymes, may be amenable to practical applications in organic synthesis.

第一章    序論
1. 酵素在有機合成的應用.................................1
2. 固定化酵素...........................................2
2.1. 酵素固定化之載體...................................3
2.1.1. 磁性奈米粒子.....................................3
2.1.2. 磁性奈米粒子之製備...............................4
2.1.3. 磁性奈米粒子表面保護與穩定方式...................5
2.2. 酵素固定化方法.....................................6
3. 天然化學連結法.......................................7
3.1. Native Chemical Ligation 與 Expressed Protein
       Ligation...........................................7
3.2. Protein Splicing and Inteins......................10
4. 胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶..............................12
4.1. 唾液酸.......................................................12
4.2. 胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶............................13

第二章 實驗材料與方法
1. 實驗材料............................................16
1.1. 載體..............................................16
1.2. 大腸桿菌株........................................16
1.3. 腦膜炎雙球菌之 siaB 基因來源......................16
1.4. 細菌培養基........................................17
1.5. 去離子超純水......................................17
2. 實驗藥品............................................17
2.1. 實驗用酵素........................................17
2.2. 實驗用藥品........................................18
3. 試驗分析儀器........................................18
3.1. 聚合酶鏈鎖反應溫度控制器..........................18
3.2. 離心機............................................18
3.3. 超音波細胞粉碎機..................................19
3.4. 恆溫水浴機........................................19
3.5. 核酸與蛋白質電泳分析套組..........................19
3.6. 核酸及蛋白質照相系統..............................19
3.7. 紫外-可見光吸收光譜儀.............................19
3.8. 逆相高效能液相管柱層析儀..........................19
4. 分子生物學實驗......................................20
4.1. 染色體核酸之純化..................................20
4.2. DNA 洋菜膠體電泳法................................21
4.3. DNA 片段之分離純化................................21
4.4. 寡核酸引子之設計..................................22
4.5. 聚合酶鏈鎖反應....................................23
4.6. 勝任細胞之製作....................................25
4.7. T – A Cloning....................................25
4.7.1. 利用 Easy-A® High-Fidelity PCR Cloning Enzyme 之聚
         合酶鏈鎖反應....................................26
4.7.2. pGEM®-T Easy Vector 與插入段之黏接..............27
4.8. 質體之切除........................................27
4.9. 質體 pTXB1 與插入段之黏接.........................28
4.10. 將質體轉形至大腸桿菌.............................29
4.11. 胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶基因表現之誘導.............30
4.12. 蛋白質粗抽取液之取得.............................30
5. 蛋白質化學實驗......................................31
5.1. 胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶之純化......................31
5.2. 聚丙烯醯胺膠體電泳................................32
5.2.1. Tris – Glycine SDS-PAGE........................32
5.2.2. 聚丙烯醯胺膠片的製作............................33
5.3. 蛋白質定量法......................................34
5.3.1. Bradford 分析法.................................34
5.3.2. BCA 分析法......................................35
6. 胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶活性分析......................37
6.1. 酵素反應合成胞苷單磷酸唾液酸......................37
6.2. 高效能液相管柱層析儀分析酵素活性..................37
7. 功能化磁性奈米粒子之製備............................39
7.1. 氧化鐵磁性奈米粒子................................39
7.2. 胺基功能化磁性奈米粒子............................39
7.3. 半胱胺酸功能化磁性奈米粒子........................40
7.4. 胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶功能化磁性奈米粒子..........40
7.4.1. 一鍋化合成位向專一性胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶功能化磁
         性奈米粒子......................................40
7.4.2. 二鍋化合成位向專一性胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶功能化磁
         性奈米粒子......................................41
7.4.3. 隨機固化胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶功能化磁性奈米粒子41
8. 胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶功能化磁性奈米粒子酵素反應分析43
8.1. 胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶功能化磁性奈米粒子酵素反應比
         較..............................................43
8.2. 位向專一性胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶功能化磁性奈米粒子之
       穩定性............................................43
8.3. 位向專一性胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶功能化磁性奈米粒子之
       重複使用性........................................43

第三章 實驗結果
1. 以大腸桿菌誘導表現胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶............45
1.1. 建構含胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶基因之重組載體........45
1.2. 寡核酸引子之設計..................................47
1.3. 聚合酶鏈鎖反應....................................48
1.4. pGEM®-T Easy Vector 與插入段之黏接................50
1.5. 質體 pTXB1 與插入段之黏接.........................52
1.6. 誘導基因產物之表現................................53
1.7. 胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶之純化......................53
1.8. 胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶之 SDS – PAGE 膠體電泳分析.54
2. 胞苷酸唾液酸合成酶酵素反應分析......................55
2.1. 高效能液相管柱層析儀分析酵素反應..................55
2.2. 薄膜層析法........................................57
3. 功能化磁性奈米粒子特性分析..........................58
3.1. 氧化鐵磁性奈米粒子................................58
3.2. 胺基功能化磁性奈米粒子............................59
3.3. 半胱胺酸功能化磁性奈米粒子........................60
4. 胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶功能化磁性奈米粒子............61
4.1. 一鍋化合成位向專一性胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶功能化磁性
       奈米粒子..........................................61
4.2. 二鍋化合成位向專一性胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶功能化磁性
       奈米粒子..........................................62
4.3. 隨機固化胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶功能化磁性奈米粒子..63
5. 胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶功能化磁性奈米粒子酵素反應分析65
5.1. 固定於磁性奈米粒子之胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶含量....65
5.2. 胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶功能化磁性奈米粒子酵素反應比
       較................................................66
5.2.1. 一鍋化方式與二鍋化方式酵素活性比較..............66
5.2.2. 野生型、位向專一性固化以及隨機固化之酵素活性比較67
5.3. 位向專一性胞苷單磷酸唾液酸合成酶功能化磁性奈米粒子之
       穩定性及重複使用性................................68
6. 大量製備胞苷單磷酸唾液酸............................70
7. 結論................................................70

第四章 參考文獻..........................................71
附錄.....................................................81

                                

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