本論文旨在討論以超導約瑟夫森結網路從理論上建構人造神經元的構想。與傳統上以侵入性的方法來探究生物大腦的功能不同，透過以單一人造神經元做為基石，我們採用一種自下而上的方法去研究神經元網路。我們設計了一個由兩個約瑟夫森結構成的人造神經元，這兩個約瑟芬森結分別擔任了模擬生物神經元中鈉離子通道與鉀離子通道的角色。我們尤其將注意力放在人造神經元的動態行為上，並以動作電位與閾電流的相位圖來將人造神經元進行分類。我們總共找到了四種不同人造神經元的參數。在論文最後，我簡要地描述一些已經完成的工作，這些工作可以幫助我們了解設計出來的裝置，包含了使用超導鈮約瑟夫森結的晶片設計、低溫量測用的探棒與放大器。我們的工作可能會為建構一種基於人造神經元的人工智慧鋪平一條嶄新的道路，搭建起計算神經科學與生物神經科學的橋樑。
 

The main theme of this thesis is to theoretically construct a scheme of an
artificial neuron (AN) by employing superconducting Josephson junctions (JJs)
network. Unlike conventional methods using the invasive probes to investigate the
functions of a biology brain, we adopt a bottom-up approach to study neural networks
by using single artificial neuron as a fundamental building block. We design a single
neuron consisted with two JJs, each of which is playing a role simulating the auctions
of the sodium or potassium ion channel in nature neuron. In particular, we focus on
the dynamic behaviors of AN, and use the phase diagram of the action potential and
the threshold currents to catalogued the neutron type. We find circuit parameters
corresponding to four types of AN. In the end, I will briefly describe some pieces of
finished works toward a realization of the device, including a chip design based on
Nb-based JJs, low temperature measurement probe and amplifier. Our work may pave
a novel way to construct artificial intelligence based on AN and bridge the studies of
computational and biology neuroscience. 

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