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研究生: 鄭凱文
論文名稱: 不同類型矯正鞋墊對扁平足兒童步態之影響
指導教授: 王茂駿
口試委員:
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 工業工程與工程管理學系
Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management
論文出版年: 2008
畢業學年度: 96
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 77
中文關鍵詞: 扁平足兒童矯正鞋墊步態
外文關鍵詞: flat foot children, foot orthosis, gait
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  • 本研究藉由動態分析系統(motion analysis)、肌電訊號分析(electromyography)、地面反作用力分析(ground reaction force)與主觀不舒適度問卷(subjective discomfort rating)收集扁平足兒童與正常兒童各項數據,分析不同類型矯正鞋墊對扁平足兒童步態之影響,進ㄧ步找出對扁平足兒童矯正效果造成差異之矯正鞋墊結構的設計元素,以提供扁平足矯正鞋墊製作的參考依據。本研究將受試者分為實驗組與對照組,實驗組為扁平足兒童,對照組為正常兒童,收集扁平足兒童赤腳與穿戴4款不同形式之鞋墊,包括SMO(Supramalleolar Orthosis)、UCBL(University of California Biomechanics Laboratory Orthosis)、市售扁平足矯正鞋墊、普通鞋墊等的各項數據,與正常兒童赤腳與穿鞋前後的數據以做比較。
    根據研究結果,在步態空間與時間參數中,扁平足兒童與正常兒童在穿鞋前後的步態週期的站立期與擺盪期的比例皆為接近60比40的比例,與成人步態接近,扁平足兒童赤腳時的步頻顯著小於正常兒童赤腳步頻。在運動學方面,扁平足兒童足踝的內旋與外翻的角度較大,髖關節內轉角度也有較大的趨勢,在穿上各鞋墊後,僅有SMO與UCBL有控制過度動作的效果。在運動力學方面,發現扁平足兒童赤腳時的著地穩定性較差、向前推進力不足、下肢需較長的時間適應身體重量的轉移,在穿上各鞋墊後,發現對上述現象皆有改善的效果,然而鞋墊間的差異並不顯著。在肌電訊號方面,發現扁平足兒童的腓腸肌與脛前肌皆有負荷較大的現象,各鞋墊中僅有普通鞋墊對扁平足兒童此兩塊肌肉過度耗力的情形沒有改善的效果。在主觀不舒適度評量方面,SMO與UCBL造成不舒適的部位最多,包括足踝(僅SMO)、足跟、內外側腳掌。
    對扁平足兒童而言,訂製的矯正鞋墊在多項的比較中,皆有較佳的效果,其中又以SMO為最佳,若能在其舒適性再做提升,將會更利於扁平足兒童穿戴與行走。


    中文摘要...................................................I Abstract..................................................II 謝誌.....................................................III 目錄......................................................IV 圖目錄..................................................VIII 表目錄.....................................................X 第一章 緒論................................................1 1.1 研究背景...........................................1 1.2 研究動機...........................................1 1.3 研究目的...........................................2 第二章 文獻探討............................................3 2.1 兒童步態...........................................3 2.1.1 兒童步態發展.................................3 2.1.2 兒童步態週期與運動學.........................4 2.1.3 兒童步態運動力學.............................6 2.1.4 兒童步態肌電訊號.............................6 2.2 兒童扁平足與矯正鞋墊相關探討.......................7 2.2.1 足部的運動...................................7 2.2.2 兒童扁平足...................................9 2.2.3 矯正鞋墊之材質基本介紹......................10 2.2.4 矯正鞋墊對扁平足效益之研究..................12 2.3 兒童心理量評估方法................................13 第三章 研究方法...........................................15 3.1 受試者............................................15 3.2 實驗設計..........................................15 3.2.1 獨立變數....................................15 3.2.2 相依變數....................................18 3.2.3 實驗環境....................................20 3.3 實驗流程..........................................21 3.4 實驗設備..........................................26 3.4.1 肌電儀EMG...................................26 3.4.2 動作分析儀..................................26 3.4.3 動作擷取軟體................................27 3.4.4 動作分析軟體................................27 3.4.5 測力板......................................28 3.5 統計分析..........................................29 第四章 研究結果與討論.....................................30 4.1 步態時間與空間參數比較............................30 4.2 運動學............................................33 4.2.1 下肢各關節角度在步態週期中變化情形..........33 4.2.1.1 踝關節矢狀面之運動-背屈與蹠屈........33 4.2.1.2 踝關節橫切面之運動-內旋與外旋........34 4.2.1.3 踝關節額狀面之運動-內翻與外翻........35 4.2.1.4 膝關節矢狀面之運動-彎曲與伸直........36 4.2.1.5 膝關節額切面之運動-內翻與外翻........37 4.2.1.6 髋關節矢狀面之運動-彎曲與伸直........38 4.2.1.7 髋關節橫切面之運動-內轉與外轉........39 4.2.1.8 髋關節額狀面之運動-內收與外展........40 4.2.1.9 骨盆額切面之運動-骨盆向上與向下......41 4.2.2 扁平足兒童與正常兒童下肢關節角度的比較......42 4.2.2.1 踝關節矢狀面..........................46 4.2.2.2 踝關節橫切面..........................47 4.2.2.3 扁平足旋前動作矯正之探討..............47 4.2.2.4 膝關節矢狀面..........................48 4.2.2.5 膝關節額切面..........................48 4.2.2.6 髖關節矢狀面..........................49 4.2.2.7 髖關節橫切面..........................49 4.2.2.8 髖關節額切面..........................49 4.2.2.9 骨盆矢狀面............................49 4.2.2.10骨盆額切面............................50 4.2.3 各鞋墊對下肢關節角度的矯正效果...............50 4.3 運動力學..........................................52 4.3.1 地面反作用力特徵點...........................52 4.3.1.1垂直地面反作用力.......................52 4.3.1.2 內外地面反作用力......................53 4.3.1.3 前後地面反作用力......................54 4.3.2 地面反作用力比較.............................55 4.3.3 鞋墊對扁平足兒童地面反作用力的改善效益.......59 4.4 肌電訊號..........................................61 4.4.1 肌電訊號比較.................................61 4.4.2 扁平足與正常兒童股直肌肌電訊號比較...........62 4.4.3 扁平足與正常兒童股二頭肌肌電訊號較...........61 4.4.4 扁平足與正常兒童脛前肌肌電訊號比較...........62 4.4.5 扁平足與正常兒童股二頭肌肌電訊號比較.........63 4.4.6 矯正鞋墊對下肢肌肉活動度的改善效果...........63 4.5 主觀不舒適度評量..................................65 4.5.1主觀不舒適度評量比較..........................65 4.5.2 下肢肌肉與關節的主觀評量比較.................66 4.5.3 足底的主觀評量比較...........................66 4.5.4 矯正鞋墊的舒適程度探討.......................66 第五章 結論與建議.........................................68 5.1 步態空間與時間參數的影響..........................69 5.2 穩定足部結構,控制下肢關節運動....................69 5.3 改善運動力學機制..................................69 5.4 對下肢肌肉負荷程度................................70 5.5 不舒適度評比......................................70 參考文獻..................................................71 附錄 不舒適度評比問卷....................................75

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