研究生: |
程新畬 Cheng, Xin-Yu |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
威廉.布雷克《神曲》插圖之神話與靈知主義意涵研究 A Study of the Mythological and Gnostic Implications in William Blake’ s Illustrations for the Divine Comedy |
指導教授: |
高榮禧
Kao, Jung-Hsi |
口試委員: |
余季音
Yu, Chi-Ying 張義東 Chang, Yi-Tung |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
藝術學院 - 藝術與設計學系所 Master Program of Arts Education and Creation, Arts and Design Department |
論文出版年: | 2024 |
畢業學年度: | 112 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 116 |
中文關鍵詞: | 但丁 、《神曲》插圖 、威廉.布雷克 、靈知主義 、想像力 |
外文關鍵詞: | Dante Alighieri, Illustrations for the Divine Comedy, William Blake, Gnosticism, Imagination |
相關次數: | 點閱:1 下載:0 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
但丁的《神曲》是中世紀文學的巔峰之作,不僅生動描繪當時的基督教神學觀,也為後世人文主義思想開啟先河,其豐富內容更成為後世藝術家創作的靈感泉源。英國浪漫主義詩人兼藝術家威廉.布雷克(William Blake)晚年創作了102幅《神曲》插圖,從中可感受到他對信仰的真摯情感和對文本的獨特詮釋。
浪漫主義者對於神話(Myth)的重視是當時代的重要特徵,藝術家們重新詮釋和創造神話,以表達對人類經驗的深刻理解和理想現實的追求。布雷克也不例外,他對想像和靈視(Vision)的獨到見解成為創作原動力,並建立了一套具靈知主義的神話象徵體系,體現其對基督教神學觀的新洞見與批評。布雷克將物質世界視為墮落產物,強調靈知的救贖意義及想像力的運用。在其《神曲》插畫中,布雷克不僅視覺化但丁原作,更透過自身神話體系的視角進行新的解讀,揭示了他對傳統基督教神學的批判態度。
本研究採用文本分析和圖像分析方法,系統性地梳理布雷克作品中的神話象徵與靈知主義關聯,解讀其詩歌和繪畫作品,辨識其中的靈知主義元素,並探討浪漫主義時期背景對其創作的影響,進而深入分析布雷克《神曲》插圖中的靈知式思考元素。
研究發現,布雷克的《神曲》插圖不僅是但丁文本的視覺再現,更反映了他的個人思想,展現了其對靈知主義的闡釋和獨特美學。透過插圖的重新創作,布雷克不僅表達了對但丁作品的評論,還將其提升到新的藝術層次,使觀者能以不同視角審視《神曲》的主題和人物意義。本研究認為,布雷克在靈知主義和神話主題上的探索為其藝術創作注入了獨特的深度和廣度,值得深入研究和探討。
The Divine Comedy, written by Dante Alighieri, is a pinnacle of medieval literature, vividly depicting the Christian theological views of the time while paving the way for later humanist thought. Its rich content has become a wellspring of inspiration for subsequent artists. The English Romantic poet and artist William Blake created a series of 102 watercolor illustrations for the Divine Comedy in his later years, which reflect his sincere faith and unique interpretation of its contents.
The Romantics’ emphasis on myths was a significant characteristic of their era. Artists reinterpreted and created myths to express their profound understanding of human experience and pursuit of ideal reality. Blake was no exception. His unique insights into imagination and vision became the driving force behind his creations. He established a mythological symbolic system imbued with Gnosticism, embodying his new insights into as well as his critiques of Christian theology. Blake viewed the material world as a result of the Fall, emphasizing the redemptive significance of gnosis and the use of imagination. In his Divine Comedy illustrations, Blake not only visualized Dante’s original work but also reinterpreted it through the lens of his own mythological system, revealing his critical attitude towards traditional Christian theology.
This study employs textual and visual analysis to systematically examine the relationship between mythological symbolism and Gnosticism in Blake’s works. We interpret his poetry and paintings, clarifies Gnostic elements within them, and explores the influence of Romanticism on his creative works. We further investigate the Gnostic elements in his Divine Comedy illustrations.
My study found that Blake’s illustrations for the Divine Comedy are not merely visual representations of Dante’s text but also reflections of his personal thoughts, demonstrating his interpretation of Gnosticism and unique aesthetics. Through his re-vision of the illustrations, Blake not only expressed his commentary on Dante’s work but also elevated it to a new artistic level, allowing viewers to appreciate the significance of themes and characters in the Divine Comedy from different perspectives. Ultimately, this study concludes that Blake’s exploration of Gnosticism and mythological themes imbues his artistic creations with unique depth and breadth, warranting further research and prospective discussion.
一、中文文獻
王海燕等,〈多雷《神曲》插圖的插畫語言表現研究〉,《美術文獻》4,(2023),頁79–81。
石幼珊等譯,伊格納西奥.戈麥斯.德.利亞尼奧(Ignacio Gómez de Liaño)著,《西洋近現代巨匠畫集:達利DALI》,台北:錦繡文化,1993。
石武耕譯,W.J.T米契爾(W. J. T. Mitchell)著,《形象科學:視覺文化研究大師W. J. T 米契爾,探索形象本質經典之作》,台北:馬可孛羅文化,2020。
朱維之譯,密爾頓 (John Milton),《失樂園》,臺北市:桂冠, 1994。
雨云譯,E.H. Gombrich著,《藝術的故事》,台北:聯經出版,2008。
姜岳斌,《倫理的詩學——但丁詩學思想研究》,杭州:浙江大學出版社,2007。
威廉.詹姆斯(William James)著,《宗教經驗之種種》,電子書,甦活全球網路股份有限公司,2011。
胡繼華,《浪漫的靈知》,北京:北京大學出版社,2016。
胡繼華,孫立武,〈神話、教義與哲學:靈知主義和思想史研究新趨勢〉,《中國語言文學研究》,2016春之卷,頁161–173。
胡繼華,《神話與現代靈知:漢斯・布魯門伯格的神話詩學研究》,北京:中國大百科全書出版社,2020。
段煉譯,W.J.T.米歇爾(W. J. T. Mitchell)著,〈圖像學3.0版:我們時代的圖像理論〉《世界美術》4,(2020),頁2–10。
范景中等譯,潘諾夫斯基 (Erwin Panofsky)著,《圖像學研究 : 文藝復興時期藝術的人文主題(修訂本)》,上海:商務印書館,2022。
高志仁譯,哈洛.卜倫(Harold Bloom)著,《千禧之兆:天使、夢境、復活、靈知》,台北:立緒,民89。
高志仁譯,哈洛.卜倫(Harold Bloom)著,《西方正典》,台北:立緒,2016。
袁憲軍等,《多維文化視野下的浪漫主義詩學研究》,上海:上海文化出版,2011。
常若松,《人類心靈的神話 : 榮格的分析心理學》,台北:貓頭鷹出版, 2000。
郭全照譯,肯尼斯.克拉克(Kenneth Clark)著,〈波提切利作但丁《神曲》插圖集導言〉,《藝術理論與藝術史學刊》4,中國社會科學出版社, 2021,頁213–251。
張家豪,《威廉布雷克《天真》和《經驗》之歌及《天堂與地獄的結合》中之個體化過程》,國立彰化師範大學:英語研究所碩士論文,2006。
張湛等譯,庫里亞諾(Ioan P. Couliano)著,《西方二元靈知論︰歷史與神話》,上海:上海人民出版社, 2009。
張湛譯,金(Karen L. King)著,《何為靈知派》,上海:上海書店出版社,2022。
張新樟等譯,劉小楓編,《靈知主義與現代性》,上海:華東師範大學出版社,2005。
張新樟譯,約納斯(Hans Jonas)著,《諾斯替宗教 : 異鄉神的信息與基督教的開端》,香港:道風書社,2003。
張漢良譯,T. S. Eliot著,〈但丁的神曲〉,中外文學1(9),1973,頁178–192。
張德明譯,威廉・布萊克(William Blake)著,《天堂與地獄的婚姻:布萊克詩選》,濟南:山東文藝出版社,2020。
張熾恆譯,威廉.布萊克(William Blake)著,《布萊克詩集》,上海:上海社會科學院出版,2017。
張興文等譯,凱瑟琳.雷恩(Kathleen Raine)著,《威廉.布萊克評傳》,桂林:廣西師範大學出版社,2022。
陳永國譯,W.J.T米歇爾(W. J. T. Mitchell)著,《圖像學:形象、文本、意識形態》,北京:北京大學出版社,2020。
陳岡伯,《威廉.布雷克詩作中對基督教原型的再現與修正》,國立政治大學:英國語文學研究所碩士論文, 2013。
陳黎,張芬齡,《聖神的詠嘆—但丁》,台北:時報文化,民72年。
曾四凱等譯,E. H. 貢布里希(Ernst Hans Gombrich)著,《木馬沉思錄》,南寧:廣西美術出版,2014。
朝戈金譯,阿蘭.鄧迪斯(Alan Dundes)編,《西方神話學讀本》,桂林:廣西師範大學出版社,2006。
程文譯,利奧・達姆羅施(Leo Damrosch)著,《威廉・布萊克:永恆日出的想像世界》,北京:社會科學文獻出版社,2023。
黃文捷譯,但丁.阿利基埃里(Dante Alighier)著,《神曲——天堂篇》,廣州:花城出版,2000。
黃文捷譯,但丁.阿利基埃里(Dante Alighier)著,《神曲——地獄篇》,廣州:花城出版,2000。
黃文捷譯,但丁.阿利基埃里(Dante Alighier)著,《神曲——煉獄篇》,廣州:花城出版,2000。
楊克勤譯,羅賓遜(James M. Robinson),史密斯(Richard Smith)編,《靈知派經典》,上海:華東師範大學出版社,2008。
葉麗賢譯,C.S.路易斯(C.S. Lewis)著,《被棄的意象:中世紀與文藝復興文學入門》,北京:東方出版,2019。
趙暉,〈威廉.布萊克創作晚期的“詩畫戲劇”〉,《美術》1,(2013),頁124–128。
劉建軍,〈中世紀基督教文化的人學觀與但丁創作〉,《外國文學研究》3,2000。
劉春芳,《英國浪漫主義詩歌情感論》,天津:天津大學出版社,2011。
劉慧寧譯,翁貝托‧艾柯(Umberto Eco)著,《中世紀之美》,南京:譯林出版,2021。
劉會鳳,《〈神曲〉的宇宙觀》,北京:東方出版社,2022。
劉沐涵,《水彩畫創作中潛意識的作用探究——以達利的「神曲」為例》,魯迅美術學院繪畫藝術學院碩士論文,2023。
蔣顯璟,〈論威廉.布萊克的神話體系〉,《文藝研究》9,2011,頁45–52。
應宜文,〈布萊克詩畫與象徵主義〉,《中文學術前沿》1,2016。
應宜文,〈布萊克與多雷《神曲》詩畫創作比較〉,《新美術》12,2016,頁75–79。
應宜文,〈論威廉·布萊克《天真與經驗之歌》與《神曲》的詩畫融合〉,《浙江大學學報(人文社會科學版)》2,2019,頁148–154。
瞿紅梅譯,邁克爾.費伯(Michael Ferber)著,《浪漫主義》,南京:譯林出版社,2019。
羅潔,〈重構的神話譜系——威廉.布萊克作品中的反叛性研究〉 ,《美術觀察》3,2016,頁142–146。
蘇暉,邱紫華,〈但丁的美學和詩學思想〉,《西南師範大學學報(人文社會科學版)》 2,2004,頁128–132。
蘇艷,〈西方浪漫主義時期哲學界的神話研究〉,《考試周刊》53,2008,頁139–140。
蘭麗英譯,W.J.T米歇爾(W. J. T. Mitchell)著,《圖像理論》,重慶:重慶大學出版社,2021。
二、 英文文獻
Ackroyd, Peter. Blake, a biography. New York: Alfred A. Knopf Publishers, 1996.
Audeh, Aida. “Gustave Doré’s Illustrations for Dante’s Divine Comedy: Innovation, Influence, and Reception.” Studies in Medievalism XVIII: Defining Medievalism(s) II, vol. 18, Boydell & Brewer, 2009, pp. 125–164.
Barricelli, Jean-Pierre. “Dante in the Arts: A Survey.” Dante Studies, with the Annual Report of the Dante Society, no. 114, 1996, pp. 79–93.
Blake, William., David V Erdman and Harold Bloom, The Complete Poetry & Prose of William Blake, New York: Doubleday, 1988.
Bloom, Harold. “Blake’s Jerusalem: The Bard of Sensibility and the Form of Prophecy”, Eighteenth-Century Studies, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1970, pp. 6–20.
Bloom, Harold. The Visionary Company: A Reading of English Romantic Poetry. New York: Cornell University Press, 1971.
Bloom, Harold. William Blake. New York:Chelsea House Publishers, 1985.
Cunningham, Teresa L. William Blake’s artificial mythology and quotations from world mythos. West Virginia University, 2008.
Damon, S. Forster., Eaves, Morris. A Blake Dictionary: The Ideas and Symbols of William Blake. Ohio: Brown, 1988.
Damrosch, Leopold. Symbol and Truth in Blake’s Myth. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1980.
De Santis, Silvia. Blake & Dante. A Study of William Blake’s illustrations of the Divine Comedy including his critical notes, Rome: Gangemi Editore, 2017.
Eaves, Morris. The Cambridge Companion to William Blake. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Eaves, Morris. William Blake’s Theory of Art, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1982.
Ettlinger, L. D. “New Books on Botticelli.” The Burlington Magazine, vol. 120, no. 903, 1978, pp. 397–401.
Frye, Northrop. Fearful Symmetry, a Study of William Blake. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1969.
Goldsmith, Steven. Blake’s Agitation: Criticism and the Emotions. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.
Higgs, John. William Blake vs. the World. New York: Pegasus Books, 2022.
Horn, William Dennis. Blake’s Gnosticism: The Material World as Allegory. Doctoral dissertation, University of California, ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1978.
Jonas, Hans. The Gnostic Religion: The Message of the Alien God and the Beginnings of Christianity. Boston: Beacon Press, 1991.
Lazier, Benjamin. “Overcoming Gnosticism: Hans Jonas, Hans Blumenberg, and the Legitimacy of the Natural World.” Journal of the History of Ideas, vol. 64, no. 4, Oct. 2003, University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 619–637
Mitchell, W. J. T. Blake’s Composite Art: A Study of the Illuminated Poetry. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1978.
Paley, Morton D. Energy and the Imagination. A Study of the Development of Blake's Thought. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970.
Purgar, Krešimir. W.J.T. Mitchell’s Image Theory: Living Pictures. New York: Routledge, 2017.
Pyle, Eric. William Blake’s Illustrations for Dante’s Divine Comedy: A Study of the Engravings, Pencil Sketches and Watercolors. North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2014.
Roe, Albert S. Blake’s Illustrations to the Divine Comedy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1977.
Schütze, Sebastian. Terzoli, Maria Antonietta. William Blake. Dante’s 'Divine Comedy'. The Complete Drawings. Cologne: Taschen GmbH, 2017.
Von Hendy, Andrew. The Modern Construction of Myth. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2001.
Watts, Barbara J. “Sandro Botticelli’s Drawings for Dante’s ‘Inferno’: Narrative Structure, Topography, and Manuscript Design.” Artibus et Historiae, vol. 16, no. 32, 1995, pp. 163–201.
William, Blake., Mary Lynn Johnson and John Ernest Grant, Blake’s Poetry and Designs: Authoritative Texts, Illuminations in Color and Monochrome, Related Prose, Criticism. New York: Norton, 1979.
三、 網路資料
“15th-Century Illuminations for Dante’s Divine Comedy”, The Public Domain Review, 4 Jun. 2015, https://publicdomainreview.org/collection/15th-century-illuminations-for-dante-s-divine-comedy/.
“Gnosticism”, Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 20 Dec. 2022, https://iep.utm.edu/gnostic/.
“Gnosticism”, World History Encyclopedia, 8 Apr. 2022, https://www.worldhistory.org/Gnosticism/.
“The Strange History Behind Salvador Dalí’s ‘Divine Comedy’”, Park West Gallery, 16 Oct. 2018, https://www.parkwestgallery.com/history-salvador-dali-divine-comedy/.
“Urb.lat.365”, Vatican Library, 18 June. 2024, https://spotlight.vatlib.it/dante/catalog/Urb_lat_365.
“Vat.lat.4776”, Vatican Library, 18 June. 2024, https://spotlight.vatlib.it/dante/catalog/Vat_lat_4776.
Audeh, Aida. “Gustave Doré”, World of Dante, 18 June. 2024, https://www.worldofdante.org/gallery_dore.html?fbclid=IwZXh0bgNhZW0CMTAAAR36ZfuCN5cPkYYAUPB9EBIEijNfShh4cAYUcvAI5vVwUIYOkCnUotaQDUY_aem_ZmFrZWR1bW15MTZieXRlcw.
Forward, Stephanie. “Legacy of the Romantics”, The Open University, 7 Jul. 2024, https://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/culture/literature-and-creative-writing/literature/legacy-the-romantics.
Forward, Stephanie. “The Romantics”, The British Library, 7 Jul. 2024, https://www.britishlibrary.cn/zh-hk/articles/the-romantics/.
Grenfell, Michael. “William Blake, Gnosticism and Gnosis 2023”, 30 Apr. 2024, http://www.michaelgrenfell.co.uk/william-blake-gnosticism-and-gnosis-2023/
Rebecca Rafferty, “Salvador Dalí: Dante’s ‘Divine Comedy’”, CITY Magazine, 9 Aug, 2024. https://www.roccitymag.com/arts-entertainment/salvador-dalandiacute-dantes-divine-comedy-2197069.
The William Blake Archive, 15 Dec. 2022, https://www.blakearchive.org/.
Vernon, Mark. “The four-fold imagination.” Aeon, 4 Sep. 2020, https://aeon.co/essays/what-we-can-learn-from-william-blakes-visionary-imagination.
What and where is heaven? The answers are at the heart of the Easter story, The Conversation, 31 Dec. 2022, https://theconversation.com/what-and-where-is-heaven-the-answers-are-at-the-heart-of-the-easter-story-115451.
中文和合本聖經查詢系統,https://springbible.fhl.net/welcome.html,2022/12/31檢 索。
《天主教教理》卷一信仰的宣認,
https://www.ccreadbible.org/Members/Bona/For- Bible/catechism/5377
4e004fe14ef076845ba38a8d-62114fe16c3860467684751f547d,2022/12/31檢索。
【末日號角聲專欄】人死後靈魂會去哪?
https://cdn-news.org/ColumnistArticle.aspx?EntityID=ColumnistArticle&PK
=000000000060f13de87683975f06a849b68cc7157ac2b4bc,2022/12/31檢索。
〈第一題 大像的異夢〉,路光網站,https://www.godsword7.net/MDOCTRINE42a.htm,2024/07/07檢索。
任昕,〈哲學與詩,從不曾真正分離〉,光明網,https://news.gmw.cn/2022- 01/20/content_35459695.htm,2024/07/07檢索。