液晶顯示器發展至今雖已在商品化技術上達到相當成熟之程度，但其光學效率低之缺點卻遲未能獲得改善。近10多年中，受益於傳統超精密加工與微影蝕刻製程等技術之快速發展與高技術成熟度，促使光學特性上具高度設計彈性、多功能性與高積體整合性等特色之微、奈米光學元件於各類光學系統中應用之重要性已吸引眾多研究與技術開發資源相繼投入。利用微、奈米結構光學元件可展現之光學調制特性，本研究嘗試運用其於改善傳統液晶顯示光學系統之效能。基於幾何光學、純量繞射光學與嚴格耦合波理論，依據不同之光學系統平台需求，本研究進行特性各異之微、奈米光學元件之設計與光學模組建構，以了解此些微、奈米光學元件對液晶顯示系統之效能影響程度。本研究中之光學驗證平台主要為雷射投影系統、極化光背光模組。於雷射投影系統中，本研究開發完成一雙面微透鏡陣列以進行雷射照明光束整形，並結合一扁平振動模組達到降低投影散斑對比之效果，進而改善投影影像品質;於極化背光模組中，透過可縮小出光角度分佈之微反射結構導光板與微柱狀鏡陣列膜片之設計與模組製作，驗證可同時達成提升反射式奈米光柵偏光片之總偏光穿透效率與模組中心輝度增益之目的。

Although the commercialization technology of liquid crystal displays is very mature nowadays, the issues of poor optical efficiency is still remaining to be improved. In the recent decade, taking the advantage of rapid and mature development of the ultra precision tooling technology and lithography technology micro and nano structure optical components revealing design flexibility, multi-functionality, and high integration have attracted abundant attention in different research fields of optical systems. Knowledge of geometric optics, diffraction optics, and rigorous couple wave theory is applied to investigate the optical properties of the micro and nano structure optical elements. In this thesis, these valuable properties of micro and nano structure components were studied and applied to improve the optical performance of a laser projection system and to develop a polarized backlight for enhancing optical efficiency of LCD displays. In the proposed laser projection system, a double-side microlens array beam shaper was developed to shape the profiles of laser light sources and attached to a vibration module as a speckle reduction unit. The performance of speckle suppression was evaluated and factors influencing speckle measurement were studied. In Chapter 4, a new polarized backlight structure consisting of a designated aperture-limited light guide plate and a dedicated lenticular lens array was proposed and prototyped to demonstrate enhancement of the extraction efficiency of polarized light through a wire grid polarizer. Furthermore, the central brightness is increased simultaneously.

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