薄膜過濾技術被廣泛應用於廢水處理上，然而薄膜堵塞仍然是個問題，造成薄膜過濾效率變差或縮短薄膜壽命，為了瞭解堵塞機制，我們選擇非硬性膠體鈣-腐植酸錯合物(相較於硬性SiO2非球型膠體)作為堵塞物探討粒徑對奈濾薄膜表現的影響，使用Hermia model來模擬評估堵塞機制，並搭配LA-ICP-MS的深度剖析來分析堵塞物於奈濾薄膜的深度分佈。深度剖析指出堵塞物於進料液和薄膜上的相互作用主宰堵塞物於奈濾薄膜上的發展，一般而言，在中性環境下鈣-腐植酸錯合物所形成的濾餅層較薄，有趣的是當鈣-腐植酸錯合物粒徑達800 nm時，通量下降幅度會減少，主要是剪切力誘導產生的擴散作用所造成的，剪切力誘導所產生的擴散作用是控制大顆膠體(~ 800 nm)於奈濾薄膜堵塞的主要影響因素，另外結果證明Hermia model可用來模擬非硬性膠體的堵塞行為。

Membrane-based filtration techniques have been widely applied in wastewater treatment. However, membrane fouling phenomenon, commonly resulting in a lower filtration efficiency and shortened lifespan of membranes is still an issue of concern. To explore fouling behaviors, the calcium-humic acid (Ca-HA) complexes colloids, which are non-rigid in contrast to rigid SiO2 aspheric colloids, were chosen as a foulant surrogate to investigate the size effect on the performance of nanofiltration (NF filtration). As-obtained results were fitted with Hermia model and the vertical distribution of foulants in nanofiltration membranes was analyzed using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). Our depth profile analysis indicated that the interaction between fouled membrane and foulants dominates the fouling development in nanofiltration membranes. In general, a thinner fouling was observed under neutral environment. Interestingly, a lower flux decline was found when the size of calcium-humic acid complexes reached around 800 nm in comparison with those with size around 300 nm. This was attributed to the shear-induced diffusion. Based upon our results, it is suggested that the shear-induced diffusion is the dominant effect controlling the fouling of large colloids (~ 800 nm) on nanofiltration membranes. Furthermore, it is proven that Hermia model is also capable of simulating the fouling behaviors caused by non-rigid colloids.

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