應用無線感測網路技術於現地觀測不僅可以降低現地觀測的成本，更提供現地觀測系統的延展性。無線感測網路主要的角色為建立一無線網路系統以蒐集現地感測器的感測資料。然而隨著無線感測網路應用在越來越廣泛的現地觀測，可以發現無線感測網路系統對於不同的觀測對象有著不同的設計需求。一般來說，觀測對象可以分成靜態以及非靜態。靜態觀測對象其本身不會移動，而其現地感測器以可安置在固定的位置；非靜態觀測對象其本身持續移動，也使得其現地感測器隨之移動。靜態觀測對象大多要求無線感測網路可以提供較佳的資料傳送延遲、傳送的公平性、有效利用電量等。然而非靜態觀測對象，除了要滿足與靜態觀測對象相似的要求外，還須考量現地感測器的移動性。本研究將針對這兩類不同的觀測對象，分析其資料蒐集的需求，並設計滿足其需求之無線感測網路系統。

In recent years, the invention of wireless sensor networks (WSN) offers new opportunities to the in-situ monitoring. Applying WSN on in-situ monitoring system not only reduces the cost, but also increase the scalability of in-situ monitoring. The major role of wireless sensor networks in in-situ monitoring is to construct a data network to collect the in-situ data from the in-situ sensors. However, as the wider adoption of wireless sensor networks in in-situ monitoring applications, the design requirements on the quality of network services vary on different types of study objects and bring different design challenges to wireless sensor networks. Generally speaking, the in-situ sensors might be deployed in either static study object or astatic study object. The static study objects are those whose in-situ conditions could be measured by the in-situ sensors at fixed positions once they are deployed. Designing a WSN system for in-situ monitoring of static objects should address the specific requirements of the transmissions latency, energy efficiency, transmission fairness and etc. On contrary, the astatic study objects are those who do not stay at fix positions, and their in-situ conditions should be measured by the mobile in-situ sensors. Designing a WSN system for in-situ monitoring of astatic objects should not only address the requirements of static objects, but also handle the mobility of the in-situ sensors.
This thesis explores the issues of designing wireless sensor networks for in-situ monitoring of static and astatic study object. For in-situ monitoring of static study object, the design issues of structural health monitoring are explored, and, for in-situ monitoring of astatic study object, the design issues of human behavior monitoring are explored.

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