生物多樣性是二十一世紀全球重大議題之一，亦是人類永續發展之基礎。我們在瞭解如何定義一生物多樣性的意涵後，藉由數學模型及統計架構來量化成各種指標，透過測量這些指標評估單一群落，亦或在多個群落之間作比較。在實際應用上，生物學家透過先收集樣本再計算多樣性指標，但其指標值通常受到樣本數的影響，因此，使用生態學上之稀釋及預測曲線的概念，使收集到的樣本可以稀釋到相同的樣本數，而互相客觀地比較不同群落的生物多樣性。
本論文架構在多群落下，研究Beta多樣性稀釋及預測曲線，用以比較不同地區群落間的物種組成差異程度。研究內容依抽樣方式分為個體抽樣、區塊抽樣兩個部分，分別推導Beta多樣性稀釋及預測曲線的理論值及估計式、樣本涵蓋率，並用修正拔靴法計算Beta多樣性稀釋及預測曲線估計式的標準差估計量。我們除了利用電腦模擬驗證推導結果；另外，用實例分析加以說明Beta多樣性稀釋及預測曲線的應用。

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