長期行走及握持作業之心理物理評估｜國立清華大學博碩士論文庫

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研究生：	林志隆 LIN CHIH-LONG
論文名稱：	長期行走及握持作業之心理物理評估 Psychophysical Evaluation of Prolonged Walking and Arm Reaching Holding Task
指導教授：	王茂駿 Mao-Jiun J. Wang
口試委員:
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	工學院 - 工業工程與工程管理學系 Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management
論文出版年：	2007
畢業學年度：	96
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	69
中文關鍵詞：	不舒適評比、預測模式、無塵鞋、生理學量測、吸震性鞋底
外文關鍵詞：	discomfort rating, prediction model, clean room boots, physiological measures, shock absorbing soles
相關次數：	點閱：2 下載：0
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本論文主要針對下肢的長期行走作業及上肢重複的握持作業對全身及局部主觀不舒適感受進行探討。此論文研究分為二個實驗：第一個實驗從生物力學、生理學及心理物理學的角度，評估不同的鞋底材質特性及有無攜物行走對人員的影響，並且進一步探討各種量測變項間的相關性。實驗結果顯示具有較佳吸震性及彈性的鞋底材質能夠顯著的降低生物力學、生理學及主觀不舒適的等級；除了髖關節活動度及大腿前側不舒適的反應不顯著外，攜物行走會顯著增加其他量測變項的反應程度；肌肉活動度及主觀不舒適感受與行走時間之間具有顯著的線性相關，線性迴歸式之R2 值均高於0.98.
第二個實驗主要評估肩關節姿勢、握持的重量、作業頻率及持續時間等不同作業因子組合對主觀不舒適的影響。量測變項除了全身及局部主觀不舒適評比外，還有斜方肌上端、三角肌前端、二頭肌及屈指肌的肌肉活動度。實驗結果顯示各量測變項均受肩關節屈曲角度、握持重量、作業頻率及姿勢維持時間等因子顯著影響，其中不管是男性或女性，全身的主觀不舒適評比均受高於肩部的握持作業影響最大。其次女性受頻率因子的影響程度高於握持重量及持續時間因子，男性則為握持重量的影響程度高於作業頻率及持續時間。此外，本研究進一步以此四項作業條件建立了六個全身及局部的主觀不舒適迴歸模型，R2值均高於0.65。
本論文的實驗結果及所建立之主觀不舒適迴歸模型，除可改善工作條件外，亦可有助於提升數位人體模型之不舒適感預測準確度。

This dissertation aims to evaluate the effect of prolonged walking task for lower limb and arm reaching and holding task for upper limb on whole body and body part discomfort ratings. The first experiment evaluates the significance of boot sole properties on reducing fatigue, and the effect of load carrying and one hour walking based on biomechanical, physiological and psychophysical responses, and further to investigate the correlations of the measurement methods. The results indicated that elasticity and shock absorption of the boot showed significant effects on outcome variables. Significant load effects can be seen in most measurements except two measures: hip joint angle and front thigh discomfort. All of the significant period effects gave strong regressions, with no R2 value less than 98.3%, all p<0.001.
The second experiment evaluates the effect of shoulder flexion angle, weight load, task frequency, and duration on subject’s perceived discomfort. The response measures include discomfort ratings of whole body and local body parts, and the EMG of biceps brachii, anterior deltoid, upper trapezius and flexor digitorum. The results indicate that the effect of reaching height, reaching frequency, load weight, and holding duration were significant on most of the response measures. Arm reaching over shoulder height was the main factor affecting whole body discomfort for both males and females. Further, the high frequency of arm reaching showed greater influence on female subject’s discomfort rating than the other factors. The holding weight showed greater influence on male subject’s discomfort rating than the other factors. Moreover, six regression models were constructed to predict the whole body discomfort feelings from the arm reaching and holding related factors. At least two-third of the variation can be explained by the discomfort prediction models.
Furthermore, the development of discomfort prediction models can help to build motion prediction of digital human model and to improve workplace design.

摘要
Abstract
誌謝
Table of Content
Figure List
Table List
Chapter 1 Introduction
  1.1 Background
  1.2 Problem statement
  1.3 The framework of this dissertation
Chapter 2 Literature review
  2.1 The definition of discomfort
  2.2 Factors affecting subjective discomfort
  2.2.1 Tool configuration
  2.2.2 Task time
  2.2.3 Posture
  2.2.4 Combined effect
  2.3 Discomfort model
Chapter 3 Perceived exertion in walking with clean room boots
  3.1 Background
  3.2 Objective and hypotheses
  3.3 Methods
  3.3.1 Subjects
  3.3.2 Boots
  3.3.3 Physiological measures
  3.3.4 Biomechanical measures
  3.3.5 Psychophysical measures
  3.3.6 Experiment procedure
  3.3.7 Statistical analysis
  3.4 Results
  3.4.1 Correlation analysis
  3.4.2 ANOVA analysis
  3.4.3 Regression analysis
  3.5 Discussions
Chapter 4 Perceived exertion in arm reaching and holding task
  4.1 Background
  4.2 Method
  4.2.1 Subjects
  4.2.2 Experiment design
  4.2.3 Discomfort rating
  4.2.4 EMG
  4.2.5 Experiment procedure
  4.2.6 Statistical analysis
  4.3 Experiment results
  4.3.1 Subjective discomfort rating
  4.3.2 EMG response
  4.3.3 Correlation analysis
  4.3.4 Regression analysis
  4.4. Discussion
Chapter 5 Conclusions
References

Figure 1.1: The framework of this dissertation

Figure 3.1: Illustration of the experimental setup

Figure 3.2: Schematic illustration of the experiment procedure

Figure 3.3: The comparison of the measurements in A - EMG, B - GRF, C - JA, D - Fatigue and discomfort rating between load carrying and normal walking task

Figure 3.4: Discomfort of each body part and overall as functions of time on task

Figure 3.5: Effect of Load (Walk vs Carry) on Overall Fatigue Rating (OFR) with time on task.

Figure 3.6: Effect of Boot (A, B or C) on Overall Fatigue Rating (OFR) with time on task.

Figure 3.7: Effect of Boot (A, B or C) on EMG of Gastrocnemius (GM) with time on task.

Figure 3.8: Effect of Load (Walk vs Carry) on EMG of Erector Spinae (ES) with time on task.

Figure 4.1: Illustration of the experimental arrangement.

Figure 4.2: The two way interactions of gender by four experiment factors on WBD

Figure 4.3: The two way interactions of four experiment factors on WBD.

Table 2.1: Whole body discomfort prediction models

Table 2.2: Body part (dis)comfort prediction models

Table 3.1: Characteristics of three clean room boots

Table 3.2: The Pearson correlation coefficients for significant measures

Table 3.3: Results of statistical analysis of variance and interactions (N = 432)

Table 3.4: Duncan multiple range test results and the corresponding mean values of ground reaction force (GRF) and psychophysical measurements under Boot effect

Table 3.5: Duncan multiple range test results and the corresponding mean values of ground reaction force (GRF), joint angle, EMG and psychophysical measurements under Period effect

Table 3.6: Linear regressions against time on task for significant Period effects (N = 6)

Table 4.1: Anthropometric data of the subjects

Table 4.2: ANOVA for subjective discomfort rating

Table 4.3: Means of all measurements and Duncan grouping result of shoulder flexion angle effect

Table 4.4: ANOVA for muscle EMG

Table 4.5: Pearson correlation coefficients for the significant measures.

Table 4.6. Factor loadings after varimax rotation

Table 4.7: Regression equations* for Whole Body Discomfort (WBD) and Upper Arm Discomfort (UAD)

Table 4.8: Shoulder joint moment and shoulder discomfort rating between different flexion angle and load for all subjects

                                

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