高分子/無機-有機複合太陽能電池及有機紅外光偵測器

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研究生：	陳恩禎 Chen, En-Chen
論文名稱：	高分子/無機-有機複合太陽能電池及有機紅外光偵測器 Polymer/Imorganic-Organic Hybrid Solar Cells and Nera-Infrared Organic Photodetector
指導教授：	洪勝富 Horng, Sheng-Fu
口試委員:	孟心飛林皓武冉曉雯陳方中余沛慈
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 電子工程研究所 Institute of Electronics Engineering
論文出版年：	2012
畢業學年度：	100
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	116
中文關鍵詞：	有機太陽能電池、刮刀製程塗佈、無機-有機複合太陽能電池、距離感測陣列
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本文開發一種能與捲對捲製程結合且能製作多層有機半導體元件液態製程方法-刮刀塗佈技術，本方法能適用於塗佈有機高分子及小分子材料系統。此方法有效於7公分 × 10公分尺寸內塗佈達3%均勻性誤差。藉由快乾式刮刀技術，使用低沸點溶劑轉換效率可達4.1%，突破了傳統需長時間慢乾製程的需求限制；並應用於製作多層結構之太陽能電池，效率成功由2.5%大幅提升至4.1%。這也再次了強調在於未來刮刀塗佈製程具有高生產率，可與捲對捲製程結合之淺力製程方式。結合刮刀塗佈之優勢，應用於具鋁-金合金電極之上照光軟性不鏽鋼太陽能電池，該太陽能電池轉換效率為2.3%。此外，近年來以無機材料結合有機材料概念，取其各材料系統優勢之複合式太陽能電池漸漸受到重視。藉由矽無機材料表面微結構處理，使該太陽能電池具有高效率光處理吸收特性及有效載子萃取能力，目前成果近乎達到世界最高轉換效率10.2%。除了上述工作之外，我們發現具有可藉由連續電壓調整改變光譜響應之光偵測器。尤其當光偵測器主動層厚度為8.3微米時，低電壓(-10V)時具有近紅外光區反應;而高電壓(-100V)時可由近紅外光區延伸至可見光區，便達到電壓調整頻譜響應之光偵測器。最後，我們以近紅外光偵測器結合有機發光二極體及色轉換層組成3 × 3距離感測陣列應用。藉由簡單的電路及軟體控制，感測陣列能即時顯示物體移動位置於電腦螢幕中。

中文摘要…………………………………………………i
Abstract…………………………………………………ii
Contents…………………………………………………iii
List of Figures……………………………………… vi
List of Tables……………………………………… x
Acknowledgement…………………………………… xi
1 Introduction…………………………………………………………1
1-1 Background…………………………………………………………1
1-1-1 Past, present and future develops of photovoltaics…………3
1-1-2 Advantages of polymer solar cells…………………………………6
1-2 History of polymer photovoltaics……………………………………8
1-2-1 Single layer polymer photovoltaic……………………………9
1-2-2 Bilayer polymer photovoltaic………………………………10
1-2-3 Buck heterojunction polymer photovoltaic…………………10
1-3 Photovaltaic principles and parameters………………………………11
1-3-1 Photovaltaic principles…………………………………………11
1-3-2 Working principles of solar cell………………………………14
1-3-3 Parameters of solar cell measurement…………………………15
2 Process of blade coating and photovoltaics measurements………………………………9
2-1 Blade coating method………………………………………………19
2-1-1 Advantages of solution process by blade coating……………19
2-1-2 Process of blade coating………………………………………20
2-1-3 Large-area uniformity…………………………………………23
2-2 Measurements………………………………………………………27
2-2-1 Current density-voltage (J-V) characteristic…………………27
2-2-2 Incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) measurement…………………………………28
3 Multi-layer rapid-drying blade coating for organic solar cell by low boiling point solvents…………………30
3-1 Introduction and motivation…………………………………………30
3-2 Fabrication method and measured instrument……………………32
3-3 Single layer devices with various deposition methods………………33
3-3-1 Atomic force microscope (AFM)………………………………34
3-3-2 Crystallinity of the P3HT domain……………………………35
3-4 Multi-layer structure of organic solar cell……………………………37
3-4-1 Theoretical simulation for Ohmic and Schottky contacts……38
3-4-2 Multi-layer devices with Schottky contacts……………………40
3-5 Multi-layer structure of organic solar cell with low boiling point solvents………………41
4 Top-illuminated polymer solar cell on stainless steel substrate by blade coating…………43
4-1 Introduction and motivation…………………………………………43
4-2 Fabrication method and measured instrument………………………45
4-3 Semi-transparent electrode…………………………………………47
4-4 Common electrode for metal substrate………………………………48
4-5 Al-Au alloy for metal substrate………………………………………49
4-6 Top-illuminated solar cell on flexible substrate……………………51
5 High efficiencies of silicon/conductive polymer hybrid solar cells………………………54
5-1 Introduction…………………………………………………………54
5-1-1 Motivation……………………………………………………54
5-1-2 Advantages of Silicon nanowire (SiNW) arrays………………55
5-1-2-1 Cross-sectional scanning electron microscope (SEM)……………………………………55
5-1-2-2 Reflectance spectra …………………………………56
5-2 Fabrication method and measured instrument………………………57
5-3 Scanning electron microscope of polymer micro-texture surface……60
5-4 Characteristics of hybrid solar cells…………………………………61
5-4-1 Current density-voltage (J-V) …………………………………61
5-4-2 External quantum efficiencies (EQE) and optical reflectance spectra………………63
6 Polymer photodetector with voltage-adjustable photocurrent spectrum…………………66
6-1 Introduction and motivation………………………………………66
6-2 Fabrication method and measured instrument……………………68
6-3 Absorption spectrum……………………………………………68
6-4 Photocurrent response (EQE / IPCE)……………………………69
6-5 Theoretical calculation……………………………………………71
6-6 Transient response…………………………………………………73
7 Polymer infrared proximity sensor array………………………75
7-1 Introduction and motivation……………………………………75
7-2 Fabrication method and measured instrument…………………76
7-3 Working principle and elements of proximity sensor…………77
7-3-1 Schematic working principle…………………………………77
7-3-2 Near infrared conversion layer…………………………………78
7-3-3 Near infrared photodetector…………………………………80
7-3-4 Detection of one pixel proximity sensor………………………………81
7-4 Dynamic measurement……………………………………………82
7-5 Proximity sensor array…………………………………………………84
7-6 Improvements and progresses…………………………………………………86
7-6-1 Infrared conversion layer…………………………………………………87
7-6-2 Infrared photodetector …………………………………………………90
7-6-3 Detection of one pixel proximity sensor…………………………………………………92
8 Conclusions…………………………………………………94
8-1 Multi-layer rapid-drying blade coating for organic solar cell by low boiling point solvents…………………………………………………94
8-2 Top-illuminated polymer solar cell on stainless steel substrate by blade coating…………………………………………………95
8-3 High efficiencies of silicon/conductive polymer hybrid solar cells…………………………………………………96
8-4 Polymer photodetector with voltage-adjustable photocurrent spectrum…………………………………………………97
8-5 Polymer infrared proximity sensor array…………………………………………………98
Reference…………………………………………………100
PUBLICATION LIST………………………………………113

                                

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