從泰雅語聖經語料~談“babaw”的多義現象｜國立清華大學博碩士論文庫

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研究生：	翁喜真 WENG, HSI-CHEN
論文名稱：	從泰雅語聖經語料~談“babaw”的多義現象 The Atayal Polysemy babaw –A Study Based on Biblical Texts
指導教授：	葉美利 Marie Meili Yeh
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：
論文出版年：	2012
畢業學年度：	100
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	121
中文關鍵詞：	泰雅語、多義詞、認知語言學、原型理論、意象圖式、圖形和背景
外文關鍵詞：	Atayal, Polysemy, Cognitive Linguistics, Prototype Theory, Image Schemas, Figure and Ground
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筆者在研讀The Atayal Bible(泰雅語聖經)觀察到泰雅語詞彙“babaw”同時具有表示「上」、「外」的空間語義，以及表示「以後」的時間語義，是一個多義詞。本論文以泰雅語聖經為主要的分析語料來源，從認知語言學應用一詞多義的研究為出發點，藉由西方認知語言學中的“原型理論”、“意象圖式”及“圖形和背景”做為本文研究的理論基礎。據此，筆者從整理歸納其語言分佈的情形，發現表示空間義的「上」是“babaw”的原型語義之外，筆者依實例繪出空間、時間的意象圖式，而這樣的關係又分為物質狀態的包覆關係、距離程度的接觸關係及方向性等狀態。藉由不同的意象圖式釐清範疇中成員的關聯性，進而瞭解泰雅語“babaw”所呈現的多重語義。再進一步從圖形(焦點)與背景(參考點)關係的分析中，我們發現“babaw”與事件的結合具有表達抽象時間的用法及語義，主要是因為具體事件的空間先後關係，將抽象時間先後順序給表達出來了。據此，我們同時發現泰雅族人所表現的是垂直式的時間認知概念。這樣泰雅語“babaw”是從空間義「上」被延伸到時間義「以後」的語言現象，亦呼應了認知語言學所指出從具體到抽象的認知依循的順序。

Reading “The Atayal Bible”, the author observed that the Atayal vocabulary babaw is a polysemy. It can refer to spatial meaning 'up' and 'out' as well as temporal relation 'after'. Therefore, in this thesis, drawing the data from “The Atayal Bible,” the relationship between different meanings of babaw will be explored under the framework of cognitive linguistics. Theories or notions taken to conduct the semantic analysis of babaw include Prototype theory, Image schemas as well as Figure and background. It is found that ‘up’ should be the prototypical meaning of babaw. Drawing Image schemas of babaw, the author further found that spatial relationships between figure and ground can be classified based on whether the ground covers the figure, there is contact between figure and ground and the direction between figure and ground. It also found that when combining with events, babaw can be used to express abstract notion of time. It is mainly because the specific spatial sequence of events is mapped to the abstract chronological order. The use of babaw for expressing chronological order of events indicates the concept of time is perceived as vertical space for Atayal people.

第一章 緒論 .....................................1
1.1 前言........................................1
    1.2 研究動機與問題...........................3
    1.3 研究目的................................4
    1.4 研究的範圍與語料源........................5
    1.5 研究方法及工具 ..........................7
    1.6 賽考列克泰雅語的簡介......................10
第二章 文獻回顧..................................25
2.1 原型理論及應用...............................25
      2.1.1  Lakoff－散射範疇(radial category) ..26
      2.1.2  Langacker－網絡模型(network model)..26
    2.2 意象圖式理論及應用........................28
      2.2.1 何謂「意象圖式」......................28
      2.2.2 意象圖式與一詞多義的研究...............28
    2.3 圖形與背景理論及應用.......................30  
 2.4 小結........................................31
第三章 babaw的分布與語義...........................32
    3.1 babaw的分布情形...........................32
       3.1.1 1-Left的搭配詞分佈...................32
       3.1.2 1-Right的搭配詞分佈..................35
       3.1.3  1-Right與1-Left的句子搭配詞分佈......39
    3.2語義分析...................................41
       3.2.1(LR1)【動詞+babaw+(名詞組)】的結構形式..41
       3.2.2(LR2)【名詞+babaw+ (名詞組)】的結構形式.50
       3.2.3(LR3)【格位標記+babaw+(名詞組)】的結構形式.56
       3.2.4(LR4)【分段記號/章節數+babaw+(名詞組)】的結構形式.60
       3.2.5(LR5)【其他+babaw+其他】的結構形式.....64
    3.3語義與結構形式一覽表........................67
       3.3.1 「上」..............................67
       3.3.2 「外」..............................68
       3.3.3 「後」..............................69
    3.4 小結.....................................70
第四章 babaw的語義演變.............................73
    4.1 babaw的原型語義－「上」....................73
       4.1.1 物質狀態.............................76
       4.1.2 距離程度.............................77
       4.1.3 方向性狀態...........................80
       4.1.4 babaw －「上」的語義認知過程...........83
    4.2 延伸語義1－「外」..........................86
       4.2.1 物質狀態－包覆關係....................86
       4.2.2 babaw－「外」的語義認知過程............93
    4.3 延伸語義 2－「以後」........................95        
       4.3.1 順序原則.............................95
       4.3.2 babaw nya與babaw nasa的用法..........100
       4.3.3 babaw－「以後」的語義認知過程..........106
    4.4  babaw在空間與時間語義的互動................107
    4.5小結.......................................111
第五章 結論........................................114
    5.1 研究發現...................................114
    5.2 研究限制與未來研究的建議.....................115
參考書目...........................................117

                                

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