奈米碳管應用於染料敏化太陽能電池之研究｜國立清華大學博碩士論文庫

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研究生：	蕭毓璋 Yu-Chang Hsiao
論文名稱：	奈米碳管應用於染料敏化太陽能電池之研究 Application of Carbon Nanotube for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells
指導教授：	黃金花 Jin-Hua Huang 徐文光 Wen-Kuang Hsu
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 材料科學工程學系 Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年：	2008
畢業學年度：	96
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	73
中文關鍵詞：	染料敏化太陽能電池、二氧化鈦、奈米碳管
外文關鍵詞：	Dye Sensitized Solar Cells, Titanium Oxide, Carbon Nanotube
相關次數：	點閱：2 下載：0
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本研究主要在探討摻雜奈米碳管於染料敏化太陽能電池（Dye Sensitized Solar Cell, DSSC）中的二氧化鈦工作電極，對於整體光轉換效率之影響，並比較摻雜入單壁奈米碳管與多壁奈米碳管之差異。
我們先將奈米碳管經過酸化處理，然後利用刮刀成膜法（doctor blade method）來製備出摻雜不同濃度奈米碳管的二氧化鈦多孔性奈米薄膜。我們想知道傳統的燒結步驟是否會對奈米碳管造成損耗，因此將燒結步驟分為一般環境和氮氣環境下探討，並利用拉曼光譜儀和SEM圖形來驗證奈米碳管的存在。我們接著利用UV-Vis光譜儀來證明摻雜奈米碳管對於染料的吸附確實有幫助，但有一極限值存在，過多的碳管會使染料吸附量下降。我們也利用PL光譜儀和光催化實驗，證明奈米碳管對於減緩電子-電洞對的重新結合有所幫助。最後，則是光轉換效率的量測，證明奈米碳管的摻入對於整體效率確實能有所提升，但加入過多的奈米碳管反而會導致整體效率的下降。

In this thesis, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated into TiO2 electrodes and the corresponding changes in photo-conversion efficiency were studied. Experiments were carried out using single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and results were compared.

CNTs were firstly treated by acids and subsequently added into pre-prepared porous TiO2 nanoparticle film using doctor-blade method. The CNT-incorporated TiO2 electrodes were then sintered in air or nitrogen. Raman spectroscopy and FE-SEM were employed to examine the existence of CNTs in the electrodes, and UV-vis spectrophotometry was used to determine the amount of dye molecules adsorbed on the electrodes. We found that, with CNTs addition, the absorption of dye molecules and the photo-conversion efficiency of the TiO2 electrodes can be enhanced to certain extents. Nevertheless, excess of CNTs would decrease the absorption of dye molecules, thereby resulting in reduction of the energy-conversion efficiency. We also carried out the photoluminescence spectroscopy and photocatalytic oxidation experiments, and the results confirmed that CNTs addition do help to slow down the rate of electron-hole pair recombination.

總目錄

摘要….........................................................................................................I
Abstract......................................................................................................II
誌謝..........................................................................................................III
總目錄.....................................................................................................VII
圖目錄.......................................................................................................X
表目錄...................................................................................................XIII

第一章 緒論..............................................................................................1
1-1 前言.....................................................................................................1
1-2 太陽能電池.........................................................................................5
1-2-1 發展史與分類.........................................................................5
1-2-2 結晶矽太陽能電池.................................................................7
1-2-3 薄膜型太陽能電池...............................................................10
1-2-4 第三代太陽能電池................................................................11
1-3 染料敏化太陽能電池.......................................................................12
1-4 奈米碳管...........................................................................................13
1-5 研究背景與動機...............................................................................13

第二章 文獻回顧....................................................................................15
2-1 太陽能電池效率原理.......................................................................15
2-2染料敏化太陽能電池的結構與工作原理........................................17
2-3 光敏化劑——染料...........................................................................23
2-4 電解質溶液.......................................................................................26
2-5 對電極...............................................................................................27
2-6透明導電氧化層................................................................................27
2-7 奈米碳管應用於染料敏化太陽能電池...........................................28

第三章 實驗步驟與設備........................................................................29
3-1 實驗藥品...........................................................................................29
3-2 實驗儀器設備...................................................................................31
3-3 實驗步驟...........................................................................................35
3-3-1 碳管酸化製程.......................................................................35
3-3-2 光催化反應...........................................................................36
3-3-3 TiO2/a-CNT 漿料製備...........................................................37
3-3-4 TiO2 薄膜製備...............................................................38
3-3-5 染料敏化工作電極...............................................................40
3-3-6 對電極製作...........................................................................40
3-3-7 配製電解質溶液...................................................................41
3-3-8 元件組裝...............................................................................41
3-3-9 光電轉換效能量測...............................................................43

第四章 結果與討論................................................................................44
4-1 奈米碳管酸化處理...........................................................................44
4-2 450℃燒結條件對奈米碳管的影響....................................45
4-3奈米碳管對染料吸收量的影響........................................................56
4-4 奈米碳管對於電子-電洞對重新結合的影響.................................59
4-5 奈米碳管對於DSSC光電轉換效率之影響....................................66

第五章 結論............................................................................................69

參考資料..................................................................................................70

圖目錄

圖1.1 世界主要能源剩餘庫存含量.........................................................1
圖1.2 全球平均氣溫變化示意圖.............................................................2
圖1.3 四百年內二氧化碳濃度變化示意圖.............................................3
圖1.4 光電效應示意圖.............................................................................4
圖1.5 各種太陽能電池分類示意圖.........................................................6
圖1.6 矽晶片太陽能電池工作原理.........................................................9

圖2.1 電流-電壓曲線示意圖.................................................................16
圖2.2 Air Mass示意圖.............................................................................17
圖2.3 DSSC結構示意圖.........................................................................20
圖2.4 DSSC工作原理示意圖.................................................................21
圖2.5 DSSC能階示意圖：(A)未照光(B)照光之下的能階變化............22
圖2.6 TiO2奈米顆粒表面電荷與電場示意圖........................................23
圖2.7 N3 dye與black dye 吸收和穿透光譜示意圖..............................24
圖2.8 數種染料分子結構 (A)N3 dye (B)black dye (C)N719 dye........25

圖3.1 奈米碳管之酸化處理...................................................................36
圖3.2 減壓濃縮機...................................................................................38
圖3.3 TiO2/a-CNT薄膜製程（doctor blade method）...............................39
圖3.4 製作完成之對電極.......................................................................41
圖3.5 (A)對電極與工作電極(B)滴電解質溶液至對電極上(C)封裝完..................................................................................................42
圖3.6 本研究實驗流程示意圖...............................................................43

圖4.1 酸化處理之奈米碳管之FTIR圖.................................................44
圖4.2 TiO2/a-CNT薄膜之拉曼光譜圖...................................................45
圖4.3 通入氮氣燒結之TiO2/a-MWCNT薄膜之SEM圖(A)0.3wt%  (B)0.7wt% (C)1.0wt% (D)2.0wt%...............................................50
圖4.4 通入氮氣燒結之TiO2/a-SWCNT薄膜之SEM圖(A)0.3wt% (B)0.7wt% (C)1.0wt% (D)2.0wt%...............................................52
圖4.5 未通入氮氣燒結之TiO2/a-MWCNT薄膜 之SEM圖(A)0.3wt%  (B)1.0wt% (C)2.0wt%..................................................................54
圖4.6 未通入氮氣燒結之TiO2/a-SWCNT薄膜 之SEM圖(A)0.7wt%  (B)1.0wt%....................................................................................55
圖4.7 吸收染料後之KOH溶液吸收光譜.............................................57
圖4.8 染料溶液濃度對應吸收光譜之等量線.......................................59
圖4.9 各種不同濃度TiO2/a-CNT 薄膜之PL光譜圖...........................60
圖4.10 甲基藍溶液之吸收光譜.............................................................63
圖4.11 不同奈米碳管摻雜濃度對甲基藍分解速率之影響.................64
圖4.12 同摻雜濃度下SWCNT與MWCNT對甲基藍分解速率之影響...............................................................................................65
圖4.13 DSSC之I-V曲線.........................................................................68
圖4.14 奈米碳管對於DSSC光電轉換效率之影響..............................68

                                

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