現今科技對人類生活的影響無孔不入，隨著歷史發展，人類越來
越依賴科技。科技原本是一種用來協助人們的工具，但是，現今已很
難確定人類是否還對科技擁有掌控權。在此篇論文當中，將用近代思
想家海德格、霍克海默和阿多諾、Ellul和Anders的思想，來瞭解當
今社會科技的存在意義，以及人類如何面對科技文化。沿襲這些思想
家的脈絡，康寧堡的三部電影，變蠅人、錄影帶謀殺案和X接觸：來
自異世界，將被視為科技發展的縮影，藉由此三部電影，探討科技對
人類的影響。
第一章介紹整篇論文的架構和三部電影的文獻回顧，共分成兩大
部份。第一部份說明選擇此三部電影的原因，以及評論家如何看待康寧堡及其作品。第二部分將摘要思想家對科技的概念，並將重點放在
科技的本質、特色和影響。
第二章「康寧堡及其電影」，將細節討論導演及其電影的特色，
使讀者瞭解康寧堡電影值得討論的原因，亦分為兩大部份。第一部份
將詳述康寧堡獨特的哲學思想；第二部分則探討他獨特的電影風格—
「恐怖科幻」。
第三章「理論背景」試圖更深入的瞭解科技，包括科技的本質、
特色及影響，另外，亦將討論人類如何在科技文化的困境當中找到解
決方法。
在第四章「機器和人類的趨近」中，將對三部電影內機器和主角
的界線漸趨模糊之現象作一探討。在電影中，機器越來越人性化，越
來越強大；但相對的，人類越來越科技化，越來越屈服在科技的權力
之下。
在第五章「科技的影響」中，針對電影中的角色分析，說明在科
技的侵略下，片中主角越來越沒有能力思考，漸漸失去人類的主體性
卻不自覺。到了第三部電影X接觸，片中主角已完全無法陷在科技的
環境中無法自拔。
雖然現今人類的處境跟X接觸的主角相似，但不同的是，人們依
然擁有反抗科技的機會：透過藝術和批判思考，人們得以反省和質疑
科技的存在，進一步提出改善的方法。

Technology influences our lives tremendously. As
history progresses, it seems that human beings depend more
and more on it. Originally, the concept of technology
referred to instruments that merely assist human beings;
however, in the modern age, it is difficult to tell whether
technology or humans are in control of society or human
life. In this thesis, the ideas of modern thinkers like
Martin Heidegger, Max Horkheimer, Theodor W. Adorno, as
well as those of contemporary critics like Jacques Ellul
and Günther Anders’s will be examined to understand what
exactly is happening to the world and what humans can do to
attempt to find ways out of the technological society.
Along with these theoretical approaches, the Canadian
director David Cronenberg’s three films, The Fly,
Videodrome, and eXistenZ, as the representation of linear
technological development will be considered to see how
technology intrudes on human beings and how humans are
caught in technology helplessly. It is through
Cronenbergian films that viewers are able to obtain new
points of view to question the existence value of
technology.
In Chapter One “Introduction,” the overall structure
of and critical literature on the three films are
discussed. The reason why I choose Cronenberg’s films and
the comments other critics make to the director are
introduced here in the first part. The second part
summarizes the critics’ concepts of technology in order to
frame the basic question of the essence, characteristics,
and impact of technology. In addition, the concept of
auteurism and of genre criticism are introduced as tools
for understanding Cronenberg’s films.
Chapter Two “David Cronenberg and His Films”
introduces the characteristics of the director and his
films in detail for readers to know the reason makes his
films worth discussing. The first part focuses on
Cronenberg’s own philosophical ideas, while the second
part discusses the special genre he adopts, “horror in
science fiction”.
In Chapter Three “Theoretical Backgound,” attempts
to understand technology more completely. Its essence and
characteristics are introduced as the first part; then, its
tremendous danger to human beings is also discussed, in
order to understand more completely how technology affects
people. The third section provides a solution to humans
for how to face their predicament in a technological
culture.
Chapter Four “The Convergence between Humans and
Technological Machines,” discusses how the machines and
the heroes in the three films turn into each other
gradually. Machines become more organic with more power,
while humans like to be technologized without any
consciousness of getting weaker.
Chapter Five “The Impacts that Technology Brings to
Human Beings” is the case study on the heroes in the three
films. Under the technological invasion, the heroes have
less and less power to think, to control themselves, and to
know themselves. To the third film, the heroes are unable
to escape the fate of being trapped in technology.
However, humans still possess a chance to fight
against the restraint from technology: through the works of
art, humans can reflect and question technology.

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