人類在近年來除了享受全球化產業活動所帶來之正向紅利，如科技的研發與製造、食品的改造與生產、交通運輸的便利與快捷等，實際影響到我們的生活日常，也因為在產業活動蓬勃發展之下，全人類眼前碰上前所未有之龐大環境代價，全球受到氣候變遷所致之影響越演越烈，如自然環境之變化所致之糧食短缺，以及海平面變化等強烈自然環境條件的變化，再再使得國際組織乃至各國政府機構，甚或是普羅大眾產生迫切危機感，並針對此議題提出各式各樣之解套方式。故此，本研究宗旨在於探討以提供人們文化生活體驗及名勝古蹟作為產品及服務，且以「無煙囪工業」為名之產業型態－觀光產業為背景，並針對有豐富世界文化遺產及引人入勝之自然景觀聞名之國家－義大利作為研究對象，該國觀光產業產值長期以來占該國GDP 7%實乃重點產業，如何應對大時代的重要議題？本研究針對該國觀光產業於永續旅遊之作為進行探討。採用文獻探討、個案研究及德爾菲法 (Delphi Method) 作為研究工具，綜整並分析義大利觀光產業、永續觀光等相關文獻資料及分析問卷結果後得知，關於觀光產業著實為永續產業重要的因素，尤其觀光產業鏈龐雜牽涉交通、文化、貿易等大量不同商業活動，政府的政策是首要的關鍵因素，若政府能夠起帶頭作用，結合當地居民以及相關產業業者提出具體解決方案，就可以得到支持，並帶動相關產業活動齊頭並進，進而產生正向的漣漪作用，以達到永續發展的方向和目標。

In recent years, in addition to enjoying the positive benefits brought about by globalization in industrial activities such as technological research and manufacturing, food modification and production, and convenient and efficient transportation, humans have also been directly affected in their daily lives. However, due to the flourishing development of industrial activities, humanity is now facing unprecedented environmental costs. The impact of climate change is increasingly intensifying globally, leading to issues such as food shortages caused by changes in natural environments and drastic changes in sea levels. As a result, international organizations, government institutions, and the general public are urgently concerned about this crisis and proposing various solutions to address these issues.
Therefore, the purpose of this research is to explore the use of cultural experiences and historical sites as products and services, specifically in the context of the tourism industry, which is often referred to as the "smokeless industry." The research focuses on Italy, a country renowned for its rich world cultural heritage and captivating natural landscapes. The tourism industry has long been a key sector in Italy, contributing approximately 7% to the country's GDP. The study aims to investigate how the tourism industry in Italy can respond to important issues in the current era, particularly in sustainable tourism.
The research adopts literature review, case studies, and the Delphi Method as research tools, integrating and analyzing relevant literature and survey results related to the Italian tourism industry and sustainable tourism. It is found that the tourism industry is indeed an important factor in sustainable development. The tourism industry supply chain involves various commercial activities such as transportation, culture, and trade. Government policies play a crucial role, and if the government can take the lead and collaborate with local residents and industry stakeholders to propose concrete solutions, support can be garnered, leading to the simultaneous progress of related industrial activities and generating positive ripple effects towards sustainable development.

英文部分：
1.Nature Climate Change https://www.nature.com/nclimate/
2.Lenzen, M., Sun, Y. Y., Faturay, F., Ting, Y. P., Geschke, A., & Malik, A. (2018). The carbon footprint of global tourism. Nature Climate Change, 8(6), 522-528. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-018-0141-x
3.World Heritage List https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/
4.Italy. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. https://whc.unesco.org/en/statesparties/it
5.https://www.unwto.org/news/g20-ministers-welcome-unwto-recommendations-for-tourism-s-green-transformation
6.Italian National Tourist Board https://www.italiantourism.com/index.html
7.Venice Sustainable Tourism https://veneziaautentica.com/sustainable-tourism-venice/
8.Tuscany Tourism Observatory https://www.visittuscany.com/en/attractions/the-astronomical-observatory-of-siena/
9.Tourism Satellite Accounts in Europe (TSA) 2019
10.La Repubblica https://www.repubblica.it/
11.Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) (icao.int)
12.Explore the forests of Italy https://www.italia.it/en/basilicata/potenza/things-to-do/ancient-beech-forests
13.https://www.visititaly.eu/places-and-tours/5-unmissable-woods-in-italy
14.Forest Stewardship Council https://fsc.org/en
15.Next Generation EU https://next-generation-eu.europa.eu/index_en
16.National recovery and resilience plan，PNRR https://www.agenziacoesione.gov.it/comunicazione/piano-nazionale-di-ripresa-e-resilienza/?lang=en
17.National recovery and resilience plan，PNRR https://www.italiadomani.gov.it/en/strumenti/documenti/archivio-documenti/national-recovery-and-reslieince-plan.html
18.https://www.governo.it/sites/governo.it/files/PNRR.pdf page 9-15
19.https://fsc.org/en/media/es-italy-agris-full-profile page 1-2
20.ARPAT - Agenzia regionale per la protezione ambientale della Toscana
21.https://www.uc-valdarnoevaldisieve.fi.it/
22.https://www.camminaforeste.it/
23.https://www.aircargoweek.com/cathay-pacific-cargo-introduces-fly-greener/
24.https://www.mef.gov.it/focus/Il-Documento-di-Economia-e-finanza-2023-DEF/
25.Le immagini dell'antica tavola calda con il bancone dipinto, scoperta a Pompei | Flashes - Il Post
26.https://youtu.be/gg-DypTyY4M
27.Green new deal https://ppt.cc/fhFHPx
28.WWF - Endangered Species Conservation | World Wildlife Fund
29.https://sustainablehospitalityalliance.org/resource/hwmm/
30.Marriott Serve 360 http://serve360.marriott.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Marriott-2022-Serve-360-ESG-Report-accessible_F.pdf
31.https://hotelkitchen.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/HotelWasteMeasurementMethodology_SEP2021_v1.0.-1.pdf
32.Hilton-LightStay.pdf
33.https://sustainablehospitalityalliance.org/resource/hotel-carbon-measurement-initiative/
34.Delphi Method https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphi_method

中文部分:
1.出國資料 Outbound visitors 目的地 Residence - 交通部觀光局觀光統計資料庫 Tourism Statistics Database of the Taiwan Tourism Bureau
2.出國資料 Outbound visitors 目的地 Residence - 交通部觀光局觀光統計資料庫 Tourism Statistics Database of the Taiwan Tourism Bureau
3.交通部觀光局統計資料庫（2018/01-12）我國民眾赴歐洲地區出差或旅遊的人數 https://stat.taiwan.net.tw/outboundSearch
4.駐義大利台北代表處 https://www.taiwanembassy.org/it/post/5965.html
5.中華民國駐義大利代表處經濟組，2021義大利最新經濟情勢，取材自義大利工業總會(Confindustria)研究報告，2021/4/10 義大利共和報(La Repubblica)報導https://www.roc-taiwan.org/it/post/10133.html
6.世界遺產https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki?curid=2964044
7.中央社羅馬5日綜合外電報導 2021/06/07譯者：林沂鋒/核稿：林治平https://www.nownews.com/news/5288970
8.莊翰華，2009，歐洲旅遊目的地經營經驗借鏡－關鍵成功因素向度，臺北市；農業推廣文彙，第54卷，第167-186頁。
9.全球永續觀光委員會（Global Sustainable Tourism Council, GSTC），旅遊產業永續準則。
10.孫雅彥，2019，旅行的隱形環境成本─觀光碳排放貢獻全球溫室氣體 8%，人文與社會科學簡訊，第21卷1期，第20-24頁。
11.楊舒晴，2018，觀光旅遊業是「無煙囪工業」？研究顯示旅遊業碳排量佔全球總量8%！，風傳媒，取自網路：https://www.storm.mg/article/435045
12.中華民國駐義大利代表處經濟組，2021，義大利最新經濟情勢，取自網路：https://www.roc-taiwan.org/it/post/12288.html
13.經濟部國際貿易局，2022，義大利(Italy)經貿檔。取自網路：https://www.trade.gov.tw/Files/PageFile/725422/義大利.pdf
14.臺中市政府2022國際夥伴計畫－環境永續及循環經濟工作坊會議手冊。
15.旅奇週刊編輯，2021，如何促進永續觀光？，臺北市；消費者報導，第481期，取自網路：https://b2b.travelrich.tw/newweb/news_into.aspx?Second_classification_id=55&Subject_id=33425
16.楊宜真，1999，《傳播科技人才之能力需求與學程設計原則：修正式德菲研究》。國立交通大學傳播研究所碩士論文。
17.陳珮華，2008，《線上德爾菲系統於技術前瞻之研究》。國立交通大學傳播研究所碩士論文。https://ir.nctu.edu.tw/bitstream/11536/103042/1/962416H009002.PDF
18.李倫，2022，NbS(自然為本解決方案)是什麼? 五大常見問題說分明，台達電子文教基金會低碳Blog，取自網路：https://www.delta-foundation.org.tw/blogdetail/3239
19.負碳排住宿計畫 2022/12 https://www.ldchotels.com/zh-hant/news/
20.負碳排加價選購https://wantrich.chinatimes.com/search/%E8%B2%A0%E7%A2%B3%E6%8E%92
21.以自然為本解決方案http://ddpp.ntu.edu.tw/in-depth-coverage/1751-1110316p1.html
22.台中市國際城市夥伴計畫－環境永續及循環經濟工作坊https://www.taichung.gov.tw/2283963/post
23.國泰航空永續發展2022 https://sustainability.cathaypacific.com/zh-hant/
24.老普林尼https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E8%80%81%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%BC
25.小普林尼https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/%E5%B0%8F%E6%99%AE%E6%9E%97%E5%B0%BC
26.華視新聞報導https://news.cts.com.tw/cna/general/202304/202304102163962.html
27.義大利編列940億歐元加速投資永續交通https://www.moneydj.com/kmdj/news/newsviewer.aspx?a=a7aff98f-bc9c-4f51-8a1d-3a04da04f755
28.工研院能源知識庫https://local.twenergy.org.tw/cases/detail/180
29.【意·热点】斗兽场门票太离谱,意反垄断部门开查 (qq.com)
30.FSC監管下的再生紙https://www.greenpeace.org/taiwan/update/4456/%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87%E7%92%B0%E4%BF%9D%E5%8D%B0%E5%88%B7%E7%B4%99%E5%BC%B5%EF%BC%9F/