本論文研究鋰原子低能階的雷射光譜。實驗上，我們分別建立兩套相似的雷射系統，其中一套雷射系統為光譜雷射，其頻率穩定在共焦的法布立-培若（Fabry-Pérot）腔體上，藉由改變腔體長度達到掃描雷射的頻率功能並且可得到鋰原子光譜。另一套雷射系統為參考雷射，此雷射的頻率會鎖在碘分子躍遷譜線。利用光電倍增管偵測雷射誘發的螢光訊號，並且記錄兩套雷射系統之間頻率的差值。

在2P_{1/2}超精細結構分裂及D1同位素偏移實驗上，我們釐清了不同的團隊量測結果的爭議。結論上，鋰-6與鋰-7的第一激發態2P_{1/2}超精細結構分裂分別為26.108(9)百萬赫玆和91.873(5)百萬赫玆與目前的理論計算相符。而同位素偏移大小為10533.800(15)百萬赫玆，結合實驗測量與理論計算的同位素偏移也可計算出鋰-7與鋰-6相對均方根核電荷半徑的大小差值為-0.720(6)費米平方。

為了要檢測理論計算在鋰原子低能階的準確度，我們也測量激發態3P_{1/2}的超精細結構分裂。實驗精準度相較以往的測量提高六點七倍，此外，在決定絕對頻率數值精確度提高三千倍。

This dissertation studies the low-lying levels of ^{6,7}Li in a well-collimated atomic beam. We have built two laser systems, one of which frequency is stabilized on a confocal Fabry-Perot cavity and scans the lithium spectrum by tuning the cavity length as a spectroscopy laser. Another laser is locked to molecular iodine transition near lithium resonance line as a reference laser. The laser-induced fluorescence signal is detected by a photomultiplier, and
the beat frequency between the spectroscopy laser and the reference laser is recorded.

We have claried that the 2P_{1/2} hyperfine structure splitting and D1 isotope shift for stable ^{6,7}Li disagree with previous experiments. The 2P_{1/2} hyperfine interval are 26.108(9) MHz and 91.873(5) MHz for ^{6}Li and ^{7}Li, respectively. The D1 isotope shift is 10533.800(15) MHz. Combining the measured D1 isotope shift with the calculated energy shift determines the relative squared nuclear charge radius to be -0.720(6) fm^{2}.

In order to test atomic calculations in other low-lying levels, we have also measured the hyperfine splitting of 3P_{1/2} state. Our result improves the precision by a factor of 6.7 compared to previous measurements. Furthermore, the absolute frequency is measured and the precision is three thousand times better than previous results.

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