隨著智慧型手機技術成熟且普及化，攜帶型行動裝置從已從個人聯絡工具轉換成即時生活訊息之主要消費電子產品。在2019年新冠肺炎疫情爆發之後，頭戴式顯示器逐漸擴展應用層面，配合智慧型手機之應用程式，更朝向輕量化邁進，使虛擬即時之應用場域發展迅速，而輕量化過程中，必須仰賴更精密的光學設計與元件製造能力。
本論文採用超精密車床結合單晶鑽石刀具，進行應用於頭戴式顯示器核心元件-光學反射鏡之分析研究。在檢測技術上，現今光學反射式元件之檢測方式分為接觸與非接觸式兩類，非接觸式之採用微透鏡陣列之夏克哈特曼感測器，具有低環境敏感度及高量測自由度特性，且非接觸法無須接觸待測物表面，無表面刮痕及損傷顧慮。本論文基於微透鏡陣列架構之夏克哈特曼感測器，採用商用光學分析軟體ASAP®進行量測光路之模擬分析，再架設實驗量測設備，借助波前分析軟體進行波前量測，在實驗驗證及分析討論後，在縮小量測光路與提升量測面積假設條件下，完成反射鏡面之波前量測系統之設計理論及實驗驗證，可供光學業界實務應用參考。

As the smartphone technology grows in fast pace, mobile devices have transformed from communication tools into consumer electronic devices for access of real-time information. After the outbreak of the COVID-19 in 2019, the market of head-mounted displays has grown rapidly. Accompanying with smartphone attachments, it has to be more compact and cost effective. As the virtual-reality and real-time applications being developed elsewhere, the trend in lightweight must rely on the technology development in precision optical design and manufacture field.
In this thesis, ultra-precision lathe attached with single-point diamond tools is used to assist the study of optical mirrors applied for the head-mount displays. In the inspection of mirror surfaces, the methods are categorized into two type, namely the contact and non-contact method. In non-contact method, Shack-Hartmann sensors based on micro-lens array are superior in environmental sensitivity and freedom of setup. Since it does not touch the measured surface, it is also free of scratches and dent spots on the measured surface.
During the study, a Shack-Hartmann sensor is modelled with commercial optical analysis software, namely ASAP®, for simulation and analysis of the optical measurement bench. Various structures of the measurement setup are investigated via the optics simulations in wavefront measurements. Finally, experimental verifications with discussions on the proposed non-contact mirror-surface measurement system are concluded under the conditions that reduction in the measurement light path and increase the measurement area must be met.

[1] Neal, D. R., "Shack-Hartmann Sensor Engineered for Commercial Measurement." Robert Shannon and Roland Shack: Legends in Applied Optics 148, p.140-160, 2005.
[2] Melzer, J. E., and Moffitt, K. W., Head-mounted Displays: Designing for the User. McGraw-Hill, 1997. ISBN:0070418195.
[3] Rosenberg, L. B., "The Use of Virtual Fixtures as Perceptual Overlays to Enhance Operator Performance in Remote Environments." Stanford Univ Ca Center for Design Research, 1992.
[4] Rosenberg, L. B., "Virtual haptic overlays enhance performance in telepresence tasks." Tele-manipulator and Telepresence Technologies. Vol. 2351. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 1995.
[5] Rosenberg, L. B., "Virtual fixtures as tools to enhance operator performance in telepresence environments." Tele-manipulator technology and space tele-robotics. Vol. 2057. International Society for Optics and Photonics, 1993.
[6] 李建興, 林洵焜, 郭慶祥, 廖俍境., "非球面技術發展." 科儀新知第二十五卷第四期, 73-80, 2004.
[7] Forbes, G. W., "Shape specification for axially symmetric optical surfaces." Optics express 15.8, p.5218-5226, 2007.
[8] Forbes, G. W., "Robust, efficient computational methods for axially symmetric optical aspheres." Optics Express, 18.19, p.19700-19712, 2010.
[9] 許巍耀, 郭慶祥, 陳峰志., "超精密加工技術." 科儀新知第二十七卷第四期, p.72-80 2006.
[10] Paul, E., Evans, C. J., Mangamelli, A., McGlauflin, M. L., & Polvani, R. S., "Chemical aspects of tool wear in single point diamond turning." Precision Engineering, 18.1: 4-19, 1996.
[11] RHORER, Richard L.; EVANS, Chris J., "Fabrication of optics by diamond turning." Handbook of optics, 1: 41.41-41.43, 1995. ISBN:9780071498890.
[12] Sugano, T., Takeuchi, K., Goto, T., Yoshida, Y., Ikawa, N., "Diamond turning of an aluminum alloy for mirror." CIRP Annals 36.1, p.17-20, 1987.
[13] Malacara-Doblado, D., and I. Ghozeil., "Hartmann, Hartmann-Shack, and other screen tests.", Optical Shop Testing, p.361-397, 2007. ISBN:9780471484042.
[14] Platt, B. C., and Shack, R. V., "History and principles of Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensing." Journal of refractive surgery 17.5, S573-S577, 2001.
[15] Shack, R. V., "Production and use of a lecticular Hartmann screen." J. Opt. Soc. Am. 61, p.656-661, 1971.
[16] Tackett, J., "Using a 3D immersive environment to study signal flow in music technology. " Ph. D. Diss., Colorado Technical University, 2016.
[17] Wyant, J. C., and Creath, K., "Basic wavefront aberration theory for optical metrology." Applied optics and optical engineering, 11.part 2, p.28-39, 1992.
[18] Southwell, W. H., "Wave-front estimation from wave-front slope measurements." JOSA 70.8, 998-1006 , 1980.
[19] Whitehouse, D. J., Handbook of Surface Metrology, Inst. Physics Publ., London 283 1994. ISBN:9780750300391.
[20] Wyant, J. C., "List of Zernike Polynomials." The University of Arizona Wyant College of Optical Sciences Retrieved from https://wp.optics.arizona.edu/jcwyant/miscellaneous/ne-at-graphics /zernike-polynomials/
[21] Smith, W. J., Modern optical engineering, Tata McGraw-Hill Education, 2008. ISBN:9780819470966.
[22] Hecht, E., Optics, 5e. Pearson Education India, 2002. ISBN:1292096934.
[23] Kamal K. Pant, Dali R. Burada, Mohamed Bichra, Mahendra P. Singh, Amitava Ghosh, Gufran S. Khan, Stefan Sinzinger, and Chandra Shakher., "Subaperture stitching for measurement of freeform wavefront." Appl. Opt. 54, 10022-10028, 2015.
[24] Hariharan, P., "Multiple-pass interferometers." Optical Shop Testing: 259-266, 2007. ISBN:9780471484042.
[25] Ramesh, R., M. A. Mannan, and A. N. Poo., "Error compensation in machine tools—a review: part I: geometric, cutting-force induced and fixture-dependent errors." International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture 40.9: 1235-1256, 2000.