研究生: |
凃冠如 Kuan-Ju Tu |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
已婚婦女經歷失去胎兒之復原力 The Resilience of Married Women Who Experiencing a Perinatal Loss |
指導教授: |
何秀珠
曾文志 |
口試委員: | |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
竹師教育學院 - 教育心理與諮商學系 Educational Psychology and Counseling |
論文出版年: | 2008 |
畢業學年度: | 96 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 173 |
中文關鍵詞: | 已婚婦女孕期失落 、失去胎兒 、復原力 、危險因子 、保護因子 、敘說分析 |
外文關鍵詞: | resilience, dangerous factors, protective factors, perinatal loss, stillbirth, narrative analysis |
相關次數: | 點閱:2 下載:0 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
研究緣起於生活中友人的經驗,以及從母親口中追述出我平凡出生中的不平凡。與本研究相關研究成果多集中於急症時期醫療照護,心理層面部分多探討失去胎兒婦女之哀傷調適狀態,卻無討論正向適應歷程背後之內涵。因此本文從復原力角度切入,探討失去胎兒婦女其正向適應內涵,及個體在經歷失落事件後的改變。
本研究採用質性研究之敘說分析,以敘事治療(narrative therapy)中「建構、解構、重構為文本取得概念」,透過訪談蒐集資料;以「三度敘說探究分析」為資料整理、分析方法,獲得研究結果。
研究結果顯示:舒雅在引產期間,因醫療人員照護,降低引產部份環境帶來的壓力;胎兒完整度高,提供後續象徵性哀悼儀式機會與母胎關係轉換;坐月子期間家人身體照護與情感交流,共同經歷轉換胎兒關係;赴美工作、抽中房屋、忙於裝潢等特殊轉變時機,加速舒雅抽離原懷孕時空背景;宗教及生活中朋友的關懷撫慰舒雅受傷的心靈;過去對抗憂鬱症的成功經驗與對失落歸因,提高對逆境事件的抗壓性。
巧嵐結婚四年多失去預期的胎兒,復原歷程包含家人、親友對其引產後的身體照護;先生眼淚化解夫妻對於懷孕的認知落差;失去胎兒與失落事件的認知,安頓失落的母胎關係;特殊轉變時機,加速巧嵐離開原懷孕時空背景所帶來的壓力;己身宗教信仰,為文化層面中的危險因子提供一個暫時性答案;內控性格提高對逆境事件的抗壓性。
走過失婚危機與成功順產經驗,提供麗琴第二胎引產經驗與後續失落的復原力量。在經歷失去胎兒的復原力上,第二胎引產時,醫生對胎兒狀態給予明確說明,減低引產上的抉擇;民間文化力量,為第二胎引產狀況與後續懷孕不順因素提供一個暫時性答案;母親協助坐月子、先生提供穩定經濟能力、老大提供母親角色展現的空間;樂觀、主動尋求資源等個人特質,勇於因應懷胎歷程的失落與壓力;第六胎懷胎成功,為長年的求子歷程畫下完美句點。
跨故事文本分析,得到「生物性」、「心理性」、「社會性」、「文化層面」等四大層面阻礙失去胎兒婦女復原歷程之危險因子;「個人特質」、「家人支持歷程」、「特殊轉變時機」、「社會性」、「文化層面」等五大層面有助於失去胎兒婦女復原歷程之保護因子。
研究結果指出,個體若無法立即有效因應危險因子,正視其存在、嘗試行動上安頓,與之共存,能夠減低正向適應歷程中的阻礙;保護因子若於日常生活中展現具體成果,有助於正向適應。
Two motives have combined to make me write this paper on my unusual birth and my friend who had suffered from perinatal loss. Research on perinatal loss women often focused
in nuring care and concerned with grieved adaption. What seem to be lacking,however, is the
content of positive adaption. Therefore, the purpose here are explore how perinatal loss
womem adapted positively and what changes between these womem after lossing their fetal.
The narrative analysis of the qualitative approach is used in this study, and the method of
data collection is narrative interview. Throug construction, destruction and reconstruction of
Narrative Therapy , the data collection had been made. Then using Three-Dimension narrative
analysis method to describe how the resilience operates throughout each story.
According to the cross-stories analysis, it shows that the resilience after perinatal loss is
influenced by some protective and dangerous factors. The protective factors can be divided
into Personality、Family Support Process、Particular Changing Events、Society and Cultural;
the dangerous factors can be classified into four parts such as: Biology、Psychology、Society
and Cultural.
Based on the observation in this study, it is found that the individual is not able to reach
the positive adaption progress smoothly if she is not able to confront the dangerous factors
and deal with them efficiently. On the other hand, it administers to positive adaption if the
protective factors are able to take effects in the daily life.
As the research had seen, the individuals who loss their fetals could reduce obstacles of positive adaption progress, if they confront the dangerous factors which can't be coped with immediately, and try to take action to improve the circumstance. Moreover, it would be
helpful if positive factors are able to take effect in their daily life.
參考文獻
一、中文參考文獻
王昭慧、江巧琴、唐婉如(2007)。母親經歷新生兒死亡的經驗與感受-質性回溯性研究。護理雜誌,54(5),48-55。
方菊蕊(2004)。懷孕二十八週初產婦因胎兒異常行終止妊娠之護理。助產雜誌,47,99-117。
李幼華、林淑珊、邱致中(2004)。一位胎死腹中婦女引產之護理經驗。長庚護理,15(2),209-217。
李玉嬋(2002)。被遺忘的悲傷輔導對象─失去胎兒的孕母之悲傷輔導初探。諮商與輔導,199,18-22。
李玉嬋、藍珮蓉(2007)。家庭婚姻中遭遇人工流產之諮商議題。諮商與輔導,257,9-13。
李秋珊(2004)。一位大陸籍初產婦安胎失敗面臨新生兒死亡之照護經驗。助產雜誌,47,110-117。
吳昭華、郭素珍(2007)。一位糖尿病產婦面臨死胎的哀傷反應及調適行為。實證護理,3(1),64-71。
吳淑玲、吳惠娟(2004)。照顧一位多次懷孕失敗又逢胎死腹中產婦之護理經驗。高雄護理雜誌,21(1),57-69。
李碧娥(2003)。一位懷連體胎兒而中止懷孕婦女的哀傷反應。醫護科技學刊,5(3),283-291。
林淑宜(2000)。一位住院安胎孕婦面臨失去胎兒壓力源及其行為反應。助產雜誌,43,22-29。
林雁秋、顧妙芬(2003)。協助一位腎衰竭母親面臨新生兒死亡的護理經驗。護理雜誌,2(2),90-96。
胡蓮珍、郭碧照、張雅韻(2006)。照護一位懷雙胞胎合併死產與早產的產婦之護理經驗。Chung Shn Med,17,119-129。
徐金梅(2005)。經歷非選擇性終止妊娠之婦女的哀傷與創傷後反應。未出版之碩士論文,國立臺灣大學醫學院護理研究所,台北市。
師慧娟(2004)。協助一位子宮內胎兒死亡之初產婦適應住院引產壓力的護理經驗。護理雜誌,51(5),101-107。
陳映樺、李明濱(1998)。婦女流產或死胎之心身醫學觀。台灣醫學,2(2),204-207。
陳映樺、李明濱、李宇宙、曾美智(1998)。婦女流產及死胎後之心身適應。臺灣精神醫學,12(3),194-205。
張淑芬(1996)。喪子悲傷反應及意義治療的應用。諮商與輔導,127,24-27。
黃鼎昌(2003)。一、九二一地震與懷孕結果相關性之探討二台灣地區死產危險因子分析。未出版之碩士論文,國立臺灣大學公共衛生學院職業醫學與公共衛生研究所,臺北市。
曾文志(2005)。復原力的構念與研究之分析。國立臺中護理專科學校學報,4,45-68。
曾文志(2006)。復原力保護因子效果概化之統合分析。諮商輔導學報─高雄輔導所刊,14, 1-35。
楊玉娥(1996)。婦女面對子宮內胎兒死亡之認知反應。護理雜誌,43(1),64-70。
楊馥綺、陳欣蓉(2002)。終止妊娠婦女之處境及調適。助產雜誌,45,41-46。
蔡素妙(2005)。地震受創家庭復原力之研究─以九二一為例。中華人文社會學報,1,122-145。
蔡淑惠(2007)。歷經非選擇性終止妊娠之婦女的哀傷與創傷後反應及其相關因素。未出版之碩士論文,國立臺灣大學護理學研究所,臺北市。
盧碧瑛、顧惠珍、蔡菊蘭、洪明玉、彭幸櫻、陳淑溫、林盈慧、邱淑容、蕭秀柱、周汎澔、柯淑華 編著(2006)。簡明產科護理六版。台北市:華杏。
賴滿蓉(2003)。照顧一位不孕症婦女成功懷孕面臨胎兒週產期死亡的護理經驗。護理雜誌,46,90-100。
二、英文參考文獻
Alexander, K. (2001). The one thing you can never take away. MCN, 26(3), 123-127.
Anderson, K. M. (2006). Surviving incest:the art of resistance. Families in Society, 87(3), 409-415.
Armstrong, D. (2002). Emotional distress and prenatal attachment in prengnancy after perinatal loss. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 34 (4), 339-345.
Armstrong, D. (2003). Exploring father’s experience of pregnancy after a prior perinatal loss.MCN, 26(3), 147-152.
Armstrong, D. (2004). Impact of prior perinatal loss on subsequent pregnancies. Jognn, 33, 765-773.
Armstrong, D., Msn, R., Hutti, M., & Dns, W. (1998). Pregnancy after perinatal loss:therelationship between anxiety and prenatal attachment. Jognn, 27(2), 183-189.
Badenhorst, W., & Hughes, P. (2007). Psychological aspects of perinatal loss. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology, 21(2), 249- 259.
Badenhorst, W., Riches, S., Turton, P., & Hughes, P. (2006). The psychological effect of stillbirth and neonatal death on fathers:systematic review. Journal of Psychosomatic Obste- trics & Gynecology, 27(4), 245-256.
Barr, P. (2004). Guilt- and shame-proneness and the grief of perinatal bereavement. Psychology and Psychotherapy:Theory, Research and Practice, 77, 493- 510.
Bonanno, G. A., Galea, S., Bucciarelli, A., & Vlahov, D. (2006). Psychological resilience after disaster. Association for Psychological Science, 17(3), 181- 185.
Bonanno, G. A., Papa, A., & O’neill, K. ( 2002). Loss and human resilience. Applied & Preventive Psychology, 10, 193-206.
Burkbammer, M. D., Anderson, G. C., & Chiu, S. (2004). Grief, anxiety, stillbirth and perinatal problems:healing with kangaroo care. Jognn, 33(6), 774-782.
Calhoun, L. G.., & Tedeschi, R. G.(Comp.). (2006). Handbook of posttraumatic growth research and practice. London:Lawerence Erlbaum Associaes.
Clandinin, D., & Connelly, F. M. (2003).敘說探究:質性研究中的經驗與故事(蔡敏玲、余曉雯譯)。台北:心理。(原著出版於2000年)
Côtė-Arsenault, D., Bidlack, D., & Humm, A. ( 2001). Women’s emotions and concerns duringpregnancy following perinatal loss, MCN, 26(3), 129-134.
Côtė-Arsenault, D., & Mablangu, N. (1999). Impact of perinatal loss on the subsequent pregnancy and self:women’s experience. Jognn 28, 274-282.
DiMarco, M. A., Menke, E. M., & McNamara, T. (2001). Evaluating a support group for perinatal loss. MCN, 26(3), 135-140.
Dyer, J. G., & McGuinness, T. M. (1996). Resilience:analysis of the concept. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, X(5), 276-282.
Earvolion-Ramirez, M. (2007). Resilience:a concept analysis. Nursing Forum, 42(2), 73-82.
Engelhard, I. M., Hout, M.A., & Vlaeyen, J. W. S. (2003). The sense of coherence in early pregnancy and crisis support and posttraumatic stress after pregnancy loss:a prospective study. Behavioral Medicine, 29(1), 80-84.
Flick, U. (2007).質性研究導論(李政賢、廖志恒、林靜如譯)。台北:五南。(原著出版於2002年)
Freedman, J., & Combs, G. (2000).敘事治療—解構並重寫生命的故事(易之新譯)。台北:張老師。(原著出版於1999年)
Gaugler, J. E., Kane, R. L., & Newcomer, R. (2007). Resilience and transitions from dementia caregiving. The Journal of Gerontology, 62B(1), 38-44.
Hsu, M., Tseng, Y., Bank, J., & Kou, L. (2002). Transforming loss:Taiwanese women’s adaption to stillbirth. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 40(4), 387-395.
Hsu, M., Tseng, Y., Bank, J., & Kou, L. (2004). Interpretation of stillbirth. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 47(4), 408-416.
Hutti, M. ( 2005). Social and professional support needs of families after perinatal loss. Joggn, 34(5), 630-638.
Jacobs, S., & Prigerson, H. (2000). Psychotherapy of traumatic grief:a review of evidence for psychotherapeutic treament. Death Studies, 24, 479- 495.
Johnson, J. L., & Wiechelt, S.A. (2004). Introduction to the special issue on ressilience. Substance Use & Misuse, 39(5), 657-670.
Kapan, et al. (1996). Promoting resilience strategies:a modified consultation model. Social Work in Education, 18(3), 1-14.
Kavanaugh, K., & Hershberger, P. ( 2005). Perinatal loss in low-income African American parents. Jognn, 34, 595-605.
Luthans, F., Vogelgesang, G.R., & Lester, P. B. (2006). Developing the psychological capital of resilience. Human Resource Development Review, 5(1), 25-44.
Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227-238.
Masten, A. S., & Coatsworth, J. D. (1998). The development of competence in favorable and unfavorable environments. American Psychologist, 53(2), 205-220.
May, K. L., & Mahlmeister, L. R. (1990). Comprehensive maternity nursing:nursing process and the childbearing family. Philadephia:Lippincott.
Mbbs, J. C., Najman, J. M., Thearle, M. J., Embelton, G., Foster, W. J., & Boyle, F. M. (1995). Psychological changes in parents eight months after the loss of an infant from stillbirth, neonatal death, or sudden infant death syndrome─a longitudinal study. Pediatric, 96(5), 993-938.
McMahon, B. J. (2006). Conception of resilience:compliance or transformation?. The Educational Forum, 71(1), 49-58.
Miller, M. (2002). Resilience elements in students with learning disabilities. Journal Clinical Psychology, 58(3), 291-298.
Murray, J. A., Terry, D. J., Vance, J. C., Battistutta D., & Connolly, Y. ( 2000). Effects of a program of intervention on parental distress following infant death. Death Studies, 24, 275-305.
Murry, C. (2003). Risk factors, protective factors, vulnerability, and resilience. Remedial and Special Enducation, 24(1), 16-26.
Neimeyer, R. A. (2007).走在失落的幽谷:悲傷因應指引手冊 (章薇卿譯)。台北:心理。(原著出版於2005年)
O’Leary, J., & Thorwick, C. (2006). Father’s perspectives during pregnancy, postperinatalloss. Jognn, 35(1), 78-86.
O’neill, BappSc(OT), & DipRM. (1998). A father’s grief:dealing with stillbirth. Nursing Form, 33(4), 33-37.
Padgett, D. K. (2000).質性研究與社會工作 (王永金等譯)。台北:洪葉。(原著出版於1998年)
Parr, G. D., Montgomery, M. & DeBell, C. (1998). Flow theory as model for enhancing student resilience. Professional School Counseling, 1(5), 1-14.
Patterson, J. M. (2002). Understanding family resilience. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(3), 233-240.
Rak, C. F., & Patterson, L. E. (1996). Promoting resilience in at-risk children. Journal of Counseling & Development, 74, 368-406.
Richardson, G. E. (2002). The metatheory of resilience and resilience. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(3), 307-321.
Riessman, C. K. (2000).敘事分析 (王勇智、鄧明宇譯)。台北:五南。(原著出版於1993年)
Roosa, M.W. (2000). Some thoughts about resilience versus positive development, main effects versus interaction, and the value of resilience. Child Development, 71(3), 567-569.
Rubin, R. (1984). Maternal identity and the maternal experience. New York:Springer.
Rutter, M. (1999). Resilience concepts and findings:implications for family therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 21, 119-144.
Säflund, K., Sjögren, B., & Wredling, R. (2004). The role of caregivers after a stillbirth:views and experiences of parents. Birth, 31(2), 132-137.
Säflund, K., & Wredling, R. (2006). Differences within couple’s experience of their hospital care and well-being three months after experiencing a stillbirth . Acta Obstericia et Gynecologica, 85, 1193-1199.
Samuelsson, M., Rådestad, I., & Segesten, K. (2001). A waste of life:fathers’ experience of losing a child before birth. Birth, 28(2), 124-130.
Schoon, I., & Bynner, J. (2003). Risk and resilience in the life course:implications for interventions and social policies. Journal of Youth Studies, 6(1), 21-31.
Tusaie, K., & Dyer, J. (2004). Resilience:a historical review of the construct. Holistic Nursing Practice, 18(1), 3-8.
Tuton, P., Hughes, P., Evans, C. D. H., & Fainman, D. (2001). The incidence and significance of posttraumatic stress disorder in the pregnancy after stillbirth. Br J Psychiarty, 178, 556-560.
Wilkes, G.. (2002 a). Introduction:a second generation of resilience research. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(3), 229-232.
Wilkes, G.. (2002 b). Abused child to nonabusive parent:resilience and concept change. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(3), 261-276.
Worden, J. W. (1995).悲傷輔導與悲傷治療(李開敏、林方皓、張玉仕‧葛書倫譯)。台北:心理。(原著出版於1991年)
Worden, J. W., Davis, B., & McCown, D. (1999). Comparing parent loss and with sibling loss. Death Studies, 23(1), 1-15.
Uren, T. H., & Wastell, C. A. (2002). Attachment and meaning-making in perinatalbervement ereavement. Death Studies, 26, 279-308.