研究生: |
陳怡君 |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
利用離體模式進行Microdialysis-microbore HPLC- UV/nano-TiO2 photooxidation-pre-reduction-HG-ICPMS 連續測定系統在現場、動態監測尿液中砷物種濃度變化之研究 In vitro evaluation of Microdialysis-microbore HPLC- UV/nano-TiO2 photooxidation-pre-reduction-HG-ICPMS system for in-situ and continuous determination of dynamic variation of arsenic species in urine sample |
指導教授: |
孫毓璋教授
楊末雄教授 |
口試委員: | |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
原子科學院 - 生醫工程與環境科學系 Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences |
論文出版年: | 2005 |
畢業學年度: | 93 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 108 |
中文關鍵詞: | 砷物種 、奈米光觸媒 、離體 |
外文關鍵詞: | nano TiO2, UV photooxidation, arsenic, preduction |
相關次數: | 點閱:2 下載:0 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
摘要
傳統上在評估生物體的砷曝露量或相關健康效應時,常常利用總量分析的技術來進行評估,然而砷存在于正常人體內,其化學形式可分為無機砷 (三價砷及五價砷)和有機砷(一甲基砷及二甲基砷等),它們在體內的相互轉換和代謝則才真正地決定了砷的毒性作用。由於各個砷物種之毒性大小不同,因此要準確地掌握生物體內砷的健康效應就必須進一步了解各砷物種的分布情形。此外,生物醫學界為窺探砷物種在活體動物體內的的轉換代謝機轉,對於可現場(in-situ)進行活體動物體內(in-vivo)連續(continuous)監測砷物種動態(dynamic)變化的分析技術的需求亦十分殷切。
為開發適合連續監測活體動物體內砷物種動態變化的分析系統,本研究依層析、微透析及ICP-MS儀器測定等三大部分分別進行最佳化操作條件的探討。由於本研究係利用氫化系統來連接層析與ICP-MS二系統,為改進因不同砷物種氫化效率不同所導致靈敏度差異的問題,本研究中乃嘗試建立一套UV/nano-TiO2 photooxidation及pre-reduction系統,期望於氫化步驟前,先將所有的砷物種轉化為氫化效率最好的AsIII,並藉此提升分析系統的靈敏度。實驗結果顯示,對本研究欲測定四個砷物種AsIII、DMA、MMA及AsV而言,最低可達到的偵測極限分別為0.37, 0.18, 0.17, 0.22 ng/mL,測定時間的結析度亦可縮短至15分鐘,在長時間的監測過程中,所得到之分析結果的穩定度(RSD%值)則均可維持在10 %以內。
最後,在確認利用所建立之連線分析系統進行活體動物體內砷物種連續監測可行性的過程中,本研究係利用離體模式在尿液樣品中添加砷標準品,再將微透析探針置於尿液樣品中進行現場連續透析取樣,接著再將收集到的透析液樣品注入microbore HPLC- UV/nano-TiO2 photooxidation-pre-reducation-HG-ICPMS系統中進行現場連續的動態監測。實驗結果顯示,當尿液樣品中添加各種砷物種時,即可利用本研究所開發之連線分析系統快速地且準確地測得各砷物種濃度的變化,由此可見本研究所建立之連線分析技術確實已具備了現場(in-situ),體內(in-vivo)及連續(continuous)監測活體動物體內砷物種動態變化的可行性。
Abstract
Chemical speciation of arsenic compounds in human urine is an interesting and important topic because the distribution of different arsenicals in human urine is considered highly related to certain disease and occupational exposure. It has long been realized that the determination of total arsenic concentration is insufficient for clinical and environmental considerations. Generally, the most common analytical methodology to approach As speciation is the hyphenation of a powerful separation technique with a sensitive and selective detector. The direct coupling of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) seems to be one of the most common approaches for this speciation in a variety of samples. Although ICP-MS is a very powerful technique for trace and isotopic analysis, molecular ion interferences caused by the presence of argon or chlorine which can still disturb the measurement of arsenic isotopes. There were several papers reported that the coupling of hydride generation techniques with ICP-MS is suitable to overcome some of the ICP-MS measurement problems. Greater sensitivity can be attainable because of the improved analyte delivery efficiency and removal of sample matrix. Up to now, chemical hydridization methods are frequently employed to interface chromatographic separation and instrument detection. In view of the inferiority in converting monomethylarsenic acid (MMA), dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) and As(V) into gaseous hydride by chemical methods, a new on-line oxidation technique utilizing HPLC-UV/nano-TiO2 photocatalysis device coupled with hydride generation-ICP-MS for the speciation of arsenic species is developed. In this study, As(III), MMA, DMA and As(V) were separated using anion-exchange chromatography column. After the chromatographic separation, on-line oxidation of arsenic species into As(V) by UV/nano-TiO2 photocatalysis device were investigated. To optimize the oxidation efficiency, the effects of particle size and crystal types of titanium oxide were investigated. Additionally, owing to the hydridization efficiency of As(III) is the best by NaBH4, a pre-reductant(Na2S2O4)was also employed to convert the resultant As(V) to As(III) prior to chemical hydridization step. By way of the use of proposed procedure, the detection limits of As(III), MMA, DMA and As(V) are 0.37、0.18、0.17 and 0.22 ug/L, respectively. The stability of this method can be controlled down to approximately 10 % in 360 min continuous measurement. To evaluate the applicability of proposed method, in-situ and continuous monitoring of the dynamic variation of arsenic species in spiked human urine has been performed by in vitro mode. Base on the achieved analytical results, it indicated that the proposed microdialysis-microbore HPLC- UV/nano-TiO2 photooxidation-pre-reducation-
HG-ICPMS hyphenated system is a feasible approach for in vivo tracking the dynamic variation of different arsenic species in living animal.
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