本研究使用奈米碳纖與銅合金材料製作複合材料，期望能藉由奈米碳纖(氣相成長碳纖維，VGCF)加強銅合金材料的機械性質。銅鈦合金粉末(鈦含量0.4 mass%)與混合用油、奈米碳纖依序以球磨機、振動研磨機均勻混合。接著以放電電漿燒結機，在溫度1223 K、真空環境下進行燒結，燒結後的圓柱型材料以加熱爐，在氬氣環境、1073 K 的溫度下預熱後擠出。結果上，銅鈦合金材料在未添加奈米碳纖的情況下得到的降伏強度與電傳導率分別為254.7 MPa及46.0 IACS%。而銅鈦/奈米碳纖複合材料的強度略低於銅鈦合金，傳導率卻有近兩倍的提升。與相同製程的純銅材料相比，傳導率僅下降10 IACS%，強度卻提高了約兩倍。本研究同樣將銅矽合金、銅鉻合金材料與奈米碳纖製作複合材料，作為銅鈦/奈米碳纖複合材料的對照，並提出複合材料製作過程中的反應機制，對於材料機械特性的變化進行討論。

Copper alloy reinforce with vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF) was fabricated in order to improve mechanical properties of original materials has been reported in this studied. Cu alloy powder with 0.4 mass% Ti was mixed with Clesafe oil facilitate coating of VGCF on alloy powder by ball milling before mixing with VGCF by rocking mill. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) was performed at 1223 K in vacuum and 30 MPa load was applied during SPS. Cylindrical specimens were extruded with preheating temperature at 1073 K. As a result, Cu-Ti alloy specimen without VGCF shows yield stress and electrical conductivity at 254.7 MPa and 46.0 IACS% respectively. It appears that yield strength of Cu-Ti/VGCF composite material is inferior than original alloy but electrical conductivity is improved. Copper-Silicon alloy reinforced with VGCF was also fabricated with same procedure in purposed of comparing with Cu-Ti/VGCF composites. Hardness and electrical conductivity of this material was degraded compared with original alloy.

[1] Katsuyoshi Kondoh, Thotsaphon Threrujirapapong, Bin Sun, Hisashi Imai, Shu Feng Li, Junko Umeda and Bunshi Fugetsu, ”Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Reinforced Titanium Composites via Powder Metallurgy Process,” Key Engineering Materials, 520 (2012) 261-268.
[2] Arthur K. Lee and Nicholas J. Grant, “Properties of Two High Strength, High Temperature, High Conductivity Copper base Alloys,” Materials Science and Engineering, 60 (1983) 213-223.
[3] David E. Laughlin and John W. Cahn, “Spinodal decomposition in age hardening copper-titanium alloys,” Acta Metallurgica, 23 (1975) 329-339.
[4] A.J. Poter and A.W. Thompson, “On the mechanism of precipitation strengthening in Cu-Ti alloys,” Scripta Metallurgica, 18 (1984) 1185-1188.
[5] S. Nagarjuna, K. Balasubramanian and D.S. Sarma, “Effect of prior cold work on mechanical properties, electrical conductivity and microstructure of aged Cu-Ti alloys,” J Mater Science, 34 (1999) 2929-2942.
[6] S. Nagarjuna, M. Srinivas, K. Balasubramanian and D.S. Sarma, “On the variation of mechanical properties with solute content in Cu-Ti alloys,” Materials Science and Engineering A, 259 (1999) 34-42.
[7] Satoshi Semboshi, Talaat Al-Kassab, Ryota Gemma and Reiner Kirchheim, “Microstructural evolution of Cu-1 at% Ti alloy aged in a hydrogen atmosphere and its relation with the electrical conductivity,” Ultramicroscopy, 109 (2009) 593-598.
[8] Shigeru Suzuki, Kazutaka Hirabayashi, Hiroyuki Shibata, Koji Mimura, Minoru Isshiki and Yoshio Waseda, “Electrical and thermal conductivities in quenched and aged high-purity Cu-Ti alloys,” Scripta Materialia, 48 (2003) 431-435.
[9] Takeo Oku and Tatsuo Oku, “Effects of titanium addition on the microstructure of carbon/copper composite materials,” Solid State Communications, 141 (2007) 132-135.
[10] Sumio Iijima, “Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon,” Nature, 354 (1991) 56-58.
[11] Erik T. Thostenson, Zhifeng Ren and Tsu-Wei Chou, “Advances in the science and technology of carbon nanotubes and their composites – a review,” Composites Science Technology, 61 (2001) 1899-1912.
[12] Ray H. Baughman, Anvar A. Zakhidov and Walt A. de Heer, “Carbon nanotubes – the route toward applications,” Science, 297 (2000) 787-792.
[13] Hisashi Imai, Katsuyoshi Kondoh, Hiroyuki Fukuda and Bunshi Fugetsu, “Composite Metal Powder Coated with Un-Bundled Carbon Nanotube (CNT) and Characteristics of its Extruded Material,” The Third International Conference of Processing Materials for Properties (PMP-III), (2009) 883-888.
[14] Ke Chu, Qing-ying Wu, Cheng-chang Jia, Xue-bing Liang, Jun-hui Nie, Wen-huai Tian, Guo-sheng Gai and Hong Guo, “Fabrication and effective thermal conductivity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced Cu matrix composites for heat sink applications,” Composites Science and Technology, 70 (2010) 298-304.
[15] Francesco Mercuri and Antonio Sgamellotti, “Theoretical investigations on the functionalization of carbon nanotubes,” Inorganica Chimica Acta, 360 (2007) 785-793.
[16] Yasuo Shimizu, Shota Miki, Toshiyuki Soga, Isamu Itoh, Hiromitu Todoroki, Takashi Hosono, Kazuhiko Sakaki, Takuya Hayashi, Yoong Ahm Kim, Morinobu Endo, Singo Morimoto and Atsushi Koide, “Multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced magnesium alloy composites,” Scripta Materialia, 58 (2008) 267-270.
[17] Steven J. Beck, “How to apply advanced composites technology,” ASM International Congress, Dearborn, MI (1988).
[18] Morinobu Endo, “Grow Carbon Fibers in the Vapor Phase,” American Chemical Society, ChemTech,18 (1988) 568-576.
[19] Antonio Madroñero and Marina Verdú, “Hydrogen content evaluation in Vapour-grown carbon fibers by SIMS,” Carbon, Vol. 33 No. 3 (1995) 247-251.
[20] C.A. Bernardo, S.A. Gordeyev and J.A. Ferreira, “Tensile, electrical and thermal properties of vapor grown carbon fibers composites,” NATO Science Series, Series E: Application Science, Vol. 372 (2001)301–314.
[21] Jun Xu, John P. Donohoe and Charles U. Pittman Jr., “Preparation, electrical and mechanical properties of vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF)/vinyl ester composites,” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing Vol. 35, Issue 6 (2004) 693–701.
[22] Ming-fang Wu, Min Yang, Chao Zhang, Cheng Ma and Pei Yang, “Liquid spreading and microstructure of Ti/Cu eutectic reaction,” Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 26, (2005) 68-71.
[23] K.B. Gerasimov, S.V. Mytnichenko and S.V. Pavlov, “Structural study of mechanically alloyed Cu30Cr70 by anomalous X-ray diffraction and EXAFS-spectroscopy,” [J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 252,(1997) 179−183.
[24] C.E. Wicks and F.E. Block, “Thermodynamic Properties of Sixty-five Elements—Their Oxides, Halides, Carbides and Nitrides,” US Bureau of Mines Bull., 605, (1963).
[25] Gui-wu Liu, Maria Luigia Muolo, Fabrizio Valenza and Alberto Passerone, “Review-Survey on wetting of SiC by molten metalsII,” Ceramics International 36, (2010) 1177–1188.
[26] R.W. Olesinski and G.J. Abbaschian, “The Cu-Si (Copper-Silicon) System,” Bulletin of Alloy Phase Diagrams Vol. 7 No. 2,(1986) 170-178.
[27] Seigi Aoyama, Hiromitsu Kuroda, Osamu Seya, Takamitsu Kimura and Takahiro Satoh, “Development and Applications of High-Strength/High-Conductivity Copper Alloy Wire Formed by Continuous Casting and Hot Rolling,” Materia Vol. 47, No. 2, (2008) 102-104.