簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 陳佳進
Chen, Chia-chin.
論文名稱: 市售花草茶原料中重金屬含量之調查研究
Investigation of the heavy metal content of commercially available herbal tea raw material
指導教授: 杜明進
Tu, Mihg-Chin
口試委員: 沈祥榮
Shen, Hsiang-Jung
江慧真
Chiang, Hui-Jen
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 南大校區系所調整院務中心 - 應用科學系所
Department of Applied Science
論文出版年: 2020
畢業學年度: 108
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 86
中文關鍵詞: 花草茶王水消化微波消化重金屬ICP-OES
外文關鍵詞: Herbal tea, aqua regia digestion, microwave digestion, heavy metals, ICP-OES
相關次數: 點閱:2下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究所使用市售花草茶原料之重金屬含量分析,分別有明日葉、菩提葉、馬鞭草、蔓越莓、水蜜桃、葡萄柚、蝶豆花、藍莓、檸檬草、武靴草、洛神花、玄米、茉莉花、玉米鬚、茉莉綠茶、檸檬皮、蘋果、綠茶、柳橙及煎茶等二十種花草茶樣品,樣品經24小時烘乾處理後,因樣品含葉、花及果實等,所有樣品皆實施王水消化及微波消化兩種前處理方法,消化後之溶液以感應耦合電漿原子發射光譜分析儀(Inductively Couple Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry; ICP-OES),分析其重金屬Cu、Cd、Pb、Ni、Cr、Co、Zn及Mn等含量。
    樣品分析結果王水消化的濃度範圍:Cu:N.D.ppm~5.7ppm,Cd: <0.01ppm~0.2ppm,Pb: <0.01ppm~0.2ppm,Ni: <0.01ppm~3.7ppm,Cr: <0.01ppm~0.4ppm,Co: <0.01ppm~0.7ppm,Zn:2.6ppm~31ppm,Mn:6.6ppm~533.4ppm,微波消化的濃度範圍:Cu:0.27ppm~6.9ppm,Cd: <0.01ppm~0.3ppm,Pb: <0.01ppm~0.2ppm,Ni: <0.01ppm~4.3ppm,Cr: <0.01ppm~0.4ppm,Co: <0.01ppm~0.6ppm,Zn:2.3ppm~32.2ppm,Mn:6.6ppm~651.3ppm.,除了Zn、Mn的重金屬元素檢測含量較高(例如:Zn 32.2ppm;Mn 651.3ppm),其餘重金屬元素含量皆低於10ppm。
    樣品中以茉莉綠茶含Cu、Mn量最高;綠茶含Ni量最高;明日葉含Cr量最高;菩提葉含Co量最高,但皆低於食藥局規定之濃度。


    This study performed analysis of heavy metal content in raw materials for herbal teas available on the market. 20 different raw materials were included: Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei Koidzumi); bodhi tree leaves (Ficus religiosa); European verbena (Verbena officinalis); cranberries (Vaccinium oxycoccus); peaches (Prunus persica); grapefruit (Citrus × paradisi); butterfly pea flowers (Clitoria ternatea); blueberries (Vaccinium cyanococcus); lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus); gymnema (Gymnema sylvestre); roselle flowers (Hibiscus sabdariffa); brown rice (Oryza sativa); jasmine flowers (Jasminum sambac); corn silk (Zea mays); jasmine green tea; lemon peel (Citrus limon); apples (Malus domestica); green tea (Camellia sinensis); oranges (Citrus × sinensis); and sencha (a type of Japanese tea). After undergoing a 24-hour heat-drying process, the raw materials were pre-processed via either aqua regia digestion or microwave digestion. The digested solutions were then analyzed for copper, cadmium, lead, nickel, chromium, cobalt, zinc, and manganese content via Inductively Couple Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Comparison was then made of differences between the two pre-processing methods.
    After sample analysis, the concentration ranges for the aqua regia digestion-treated samples were: Copper, N.D.ppm–5.7ppm; cadmium, <0.01ppm–0.2ppm; lead, <0.01ppm–0.2ppm; nickel, <0.01ppm–3.7ppm; chromium, <0.01ppm–0.4ppm; cobalt, <0.01ppm–0.7ppm; zinc, 2.6ppm–31ppm; and manganese, 6.6ppm–533.4ppm. The concentration ranges for the microwave digestion-treated samples were: Copper, 0.27ppm–6.9ppm; cadmium, <0.01ppm–0.3ppm; lead, <0.01ppm–0.2ppm; nickel, <0.01ppm–4.3ppm; chromium, <0.01ppm–0.4ppm; cobalt, <0.01ppm–0.6ppm; zinc, 2.3ppm–32.2ppm; and manganese, 6.6ppm–651.3ppm. Other than relatively high heavy metal content in the form of zinc and manganese (e.g., zinc 32.2ppm and manganese 651.3ppm), all other heavy metal content was less than 10ppm.
    Within the samples, the copper content and manganese content were highest in jasmine green tea; nickel content was highest in green tea; chromium content was highest in ashitaba; and cobalt content was highest in bodhi tree leaves but all are lower than the concentration prescribed by the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration.

    中文摘要 Ⅰ 英文摘要 Ⅱ 總目錄 Ⅲ 表目錄 Ⅳ 圖目錄 Ⅴ 第一章 緒論 1 第二章 文獻回顧 31 第三章 實驗與研究方法 41 第四章 結果於討論 62 第五章 參考文獻 82

    1.https://www.theqi.com/cmed/food/flowertea/index.html The Qi new對於花草茶的解說。
    2.許正一,土壤重金屬知多少,科學發展,2011年12月,469期,54~59頁。
    3.Memić, M., Mahić, D., Žero, S., & Muhić-Šarac, T. (2014). Comparison of different digestion methods of green and black tea at the Sarajevo market for the determination of the heavy metal content. Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 8(2), 149–154. doi:10.1007/s11694-014-9175-6
    4.Kumar, A., Nair, A. G. C., Reddy, A. V. R., & Garg, A. N. (2005). Availability of essential elements in Indian and US tea brands. Food Chemistry, 89(3), 441–448. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.03.003
    5.Karak, T., & Bhagat, R. M. (2010). Trace elements in tea leaves, made tea and tea infusion: A review. Food Research International, 43(9), 2234–2252. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2010.08.010.
    6.Jin, C. W., Du, S. T., Zhang, K., & Lin, X. Y. (2008). Factors determining copper concentration in tea leaves produced at Yuyao County, China. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(6), 2054–2061. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2008.01.046.
    7.Al-Oud, S. (2003). Heavy metal contents in tea and herb leaves. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences (Pakistan), 6, 208– 212.
    8.Ebadi A, Zare S, Mahdavi M, Babaee M. Study and measurement of Pb, Cd, Cr, and Zn in green leaf of tea cultivated in Gillan province of Iran. Pak J Nutr. 2005;4(4):270–2.
    9.蔬果植物類重金屬限量標準,全國法規資料庫,食品安全衛生管理法第十七條規定訂定,民國 108 年 08 月 15 日。
    10.渋谷政夫,土壤污染的機構之解析,產業圖書株式會社,1979年10月25日。228-233.
    11.徐嘉陽,探討焚化廠飛灰與反應生成物重金屬含量分布,碩士論文,國立新竹教育大學應用科學系,2011。
    12.藍梓文,市售中草藥重金屬含量之調查研究,碩士論文,國立新竹教育大學應用科學系,2014。
    13.李健彰,市售茶葉中重金屬含量之調查研究,碩士論文,國立清華大學應用科學系,2018。
    14.Bost, M., Houdart, S., Oberli, M., Kalonji, E., Huneau, J.-F., & Margaritis, I. (2016). Dietary copper and human health: Current evidence and unresolved issues. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 35, 107–115. doi:10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.02.006.
    15.Anderson, R. (2005). CHROMIUM PHYSIOLOGY, DIETARY SOURCES AND REQUIREMENTS. Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition.
    16.El-Kady, A. A., & Abdel-Wahhab, M. A. (2018). Occurrence of trace metals in foodstuffs and their health impact. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 75, 36–45. doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2018.03.001
    17.Shaltout, A. A., & Abd-Elkader, O. H. (2016). Levels of Trace Elements in Black Teas Commercialized in Saudi Arabia Using Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Biological Trace Element Research, 174(2), 477–483. doi:10.1007/s12011-016-0728-x
    18.Leyssens, L., Vinck, B., Van Der Straeten, C., Wuyts, F., & Maes, L. (2017). Cobalt toxicity in humans—A review of the potential sources and systemic health effects. Toxicology, 387, 43–56. doi:10.1016/j.tox.2017.05.015 .
    19.Marbaniang, D., Baruah, P., Decruse, R., Dkhar, E., Diengdoh, D., & Nongpiur, C. (2011). Study of trace metal (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd) composition in tea available at shillong, meghalaya, India. Int J Environ Prot, , Pages, 13-21.
    20.Korkmaz Görür, F., Keser, R., Akçay, N., Dizman, S., & Okumuşoğlu, N. T. (2011). Radionuclides and heavy metals concentrations in Turkish market tea. Food Control, 22(12), 2065–2070. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.06.005
    21.Zambelli, B., Uversky, V. N., & Ciurli, S. (2016). Nickel impact on human health: An intrinsic disorder perspective. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Proteins and Proteomics, 1864(12), 1714-1731.
    22.Oh, H.-A., Lee, H., Park, S., Lim, Y., Kwon, O., Kim, J. Y., … Jung, B. H. (2019). Analysis of plasma metabolic profiling and evaluation of the effect of the intake of Angelica keiskei using metabolomics and lipidomics. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 112058. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2019.112058
    23.Gregory, M., Divya, B., Mary, R. A., Viji, M. H., Kalaichelvan, V., & Palanivel, V. (2013). Anti–ulcer activity of Ficus religiosa leaf ethanolic extract. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 3(7), 554-556..
    24.Fateh, A. H., Mohamed, Z., Chik, Z., Alsalahi, A., Zin, S. R. M., & Alshawsh, M. A. (2019). Prenatal developmental toxicity evaluation of Verbena officinalis during gestation period in female Sprague-Dawley rats. Chemico-biological interactions, 304, 28-42.
    25.Aguayo-Mendoza, M., Santagiuliana, M., Ong, X., Piqueras-Fiszman, B., Scholten, E., & Stieger, M. (2020). How addition of peach gel particles to yogurt affects oral behavior, sensory perception and liking of consumers differing in age. Food Research International, 134, 109213. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109213
    26.Dallas, C., Gerbi, A., Tenca, G., Juchaux, F., & Bernard, F.-X. (2008). Lipolytic effect of a polyphenolic citrus dry extract of red orange, grapefruit, orange (SINETROL) in human body fat adipocytes. Mechanism of action by inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterase (PDE). Phytomedicine, 15(10), 783-792.
    27.Bragueto Escher, G., Boscacci Marques, M., Araújo Vieira do Carmo, M., Azevedo, L., Miranda Furtado, M., Sant’Ana, A. S., … Granato, D. (2019). Clitoria ternatea petal bioactive compounds display antioxidant, antihemolytic and antihypertensive effects, inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities and reduce human LDL cholesterol and DNA induced oxidation. Food Research International, 108763. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108763
    28.Sun, X., Xu, Z., Wang, Y., & Liu, N. (2020). Protective effects of blueberry anthocyanin extracts on hippocampal neuron damage induced by extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field. Food Science and Human Wellness. doi:10.1016/j.fshw.2020.04.004
    29.Ramkumar, K. M., Ponmanickam, P., Velayuthaprabhu, S., Archunan, G., & Rajaguru, P. (2009). Protective effect of Gymnema montanum against renal damage in experimental diabetic rats. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 47(10), 2516-2521.
    30.Si, L. Y.-N., Ali, S. A. M., Latip, J., Fauzi, N. M., Budin, S. B., & Zainalabidin, S. (2017). Roselle is cardioprotective in diet-induced obesity rat model with myocardial infarction. Life sciences, 191, 157-165.
    31.Jo, G., & Todorov, T. I. (2019). Distribution of Nutrient and Toxic Elements in Brown and Polished Rice. Food Chemistry. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.03.040
    32.Zhao, W., Yin, Y., Yu, Z., Liu, J., & Chen, F. (2012). Comparison of anti-diabetic effects of polysaccharides from corn silk on normal and hyperglycemia rats. International journal of biological macromolecules, 50(4), 1133-1137.
    33.Zhang, A., Chan, P. T., Luk, Y. S., Kwok, W., Ho, K., & Chen, Z.-Y. (1997). Inhibitory effect of jasmine green tea epicatechin isomers on LDL-oxidation. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 8(6), 334-340.
    34.Zou, G.-S., Li, S.-J., Zheng, S., Pan, X., & Huang, Z. (2018). Lemon-Peel extract ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis by reducing xanthine oxidase and inflammatory cytokine levels. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers. doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2018.07.036
    35.Wang, F., Li, J., Li, L., Gao, Y., Wang, F., Zhang, Y., … Wu, C. (2020). Protective effect of apple polyphenols on chronic ethanol exposure-induced neural injury in rats. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 109113. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109113
    36.Mahdavi-Roshan, M., Salari, A., Ghorbani, Z., & Ashouri, A. (2020). The effects of regular consumption of green or black tea beverage on blood pressure in those with elevated blood pressure or hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 102430. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102430
    37.Carlini, E. A., Contar, J. D. D., Silva-Filho, A. R., Da Silveira-Filho, N. G., Frochtengarten, M. L., & Bueno, O. F. (1986). Pharmacology of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf). I. Effects of teas prepared from the leaves on laboratory animals. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 17(1), 37-64.
    38.Ponce, O., Oliveira, R., & Cesar, T. (2019). Orange juice associated with a balanced diet mitigated risk factors of metabolic syndrome: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism, 100101. doi:10.1016/j.jnim.2019.100101.
    39.Unno, K., Hara, A., Nakagawa, A., Iguchi, K., Ohshio, M., Morita, A., & Nakamura, Y. (2016). Anti-stress effects of drinking green tea with lowered caffeine and enriched theanine, epigallocatechin and arginine on psychosocial stress induced adrenal hypertrophy in mice. Phytomedicine, 23(12), 1365-1374.
    40.Pandey, J., Sarkar, S., Verma, R. K., & Singh, S. (2020). Sub-cellular localization and quantitative estimation of heavy metals in lemongrass plants grown in multi-metal contaminated tannery sludge. South African Journal of Botany, 131, 74-83.
    41.Martins, C. A., Cerveira, C., Scheffler, G. L., & Pozebon, D. (2015). Metal determination in tea, wheat, and wheat flour using diluted nitric acid, high-efficiency nebulizer, and axially viewed ICP OES. Food analytical methods, 8(7), 1652-1660.
    42.Szymczycha-Madeja, A., Welna, M., & Pohl, P. (2015). Determination of essential and non-essential elements in green and black teas by FAAS and ICP OES simplified–multivariate classification of different tea products. Microchemical Journal, 121, 122-129.
    43.Tautkus, S., Kazlauskas, R., & Kareiva, A. (2004). Determination of copper in tea leaves by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Chemija, 15(4), 49-52.
    44.Limmatvapirat, C., Nateesathittarn, C., Dechasathian, K., Moohummad, T., Chinajitphan, P., & Limmatvapirat, S. (2020). Phytochemical analysis of baby corn silk extracts. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine. doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2019.10.005
    45.Samadi, S., & Raouf Fard, F. (2020). Phytochemical properties, antioxidant activity and mineral content (Fe, Zn and Cu) in Iranian produced black tea, green tea and roselle calyces. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 23, 101472. doi:10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101472
    46.Juranović Cindrić, I., Krizman, I., Zeiner, M., Kampić, Š., Medunić, G., & Stingeder, G. (2012). ICP-AES determination of minor- and major elements in apples after microwave assisted digestion. Food Chemistry, 135(4), 2675–2680. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.07.051
    47.Barros, J. A., Virgilio, A., Schiavo, D., & Nobrega, J. A. (2017). Determination of ultra-trace levels of Mo in plants by inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS). Microchemical Journal, 133, 567-571.
    48.Sá, R. R., da Cruz Caldas, J., de Andrade Santana, D., Lopes, M. V., dos Santos, W. N. L., Korn, M. G. A., & Júnior, A. d. F. S. (2019). Multielementar/centesimal composition and determination of bioactive phenolics in dried fruits and capsules containing Goji berries (Lycium barbarum L.). Food Chemistry, 273, 15-23.
    49.土壤水分含量測定方法-重量法,行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所,2002,NIEA S280.61C
    50.土壤中重金屬檢測方法-王水消化法,行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所,2003,NIEA S321.63B
    感應耦合電漿原子發射光譜法,行政院環境保護署環境檢驗所,2003,NIEA M104.01C.

    QR CODE