微型嵌入式平台上之韌體更新及腳本化執行框架

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研究生：	劉姿均 Liu, TzuChun
論文名稱：	微型嵌入式平台上之韌體更新及腳本化執行框架 A Scriptable Execution and Reprogramming Framework for Resource-Constrained Embedded Platforms
指導教授：	周百祥 Chou, Pai H.
口試委員:	蔡明哲 Tsai, Ming-Jer 張立平 Chang, Li-Pin
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 資訊工程學系 Computer Science
論文出版年：	2013
畢業學年度：	101
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	97
中文關鍵詞：	無線感測網路
外文關鍵詞：	remote invocation, EcoSD
相關次數：	點閱：2 下載：0
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本論文提出了EcoExec+，支援微型嵌入式平台上遠端韌體更新及互動執行的框架。EcoExec+採用主從式的網路架構( client-server architecture )。使用者透過系統提供之API於資源豐富的客戶端(resource-rich client)對無線感測平台進行遠端程序調用( Remote Procedure Call, RPC)，存取無線感測平台的資訊及服務、控制並執行其系統及應用程式。動態物件導向程式語言(如Python)的支援將平台視為本機端物件(local data objects)進行存取，更有助於無線感測平台透過EcoExec+開發環境進行應用開發。
EcoExec+於伺服器端提出腳本為基礎( script-based )的架構來記錄平台執行程序，並於有限記憶體下支援遠端程序調用服務、工作管理( Job Control )等。透過客戶端以互動方式進行程序之修改，客戶端參數、回傳值的型態編組及反編組( type marshaling
/demarshaling )與程式管理端即時的編譯及遠端韌體更新機制，大量減少伺服器裝置上資源使用的同時，於無線感測平台上完成動態開發環境之實踐。
值得注意的是，EcoExec+同時高度模組化了客戶端與伺服器端的架構，使得系統具力；(3)容易移植到其他編輯程序( compiler )及指令集架構( instruction-set architecture )。本論文於實驗中不僅將既有應用與EcoExec+之互動模式整合，並完成系統層面之開發，如溝通介面之切換與分層網路之建置，驗證了本論文所提出之框架大幅度的減少測試、開發無線感測平台所需耗費的時間及成本，也讓微型嵌入式裝置不再因有限的資源而侷限其開發應用。

EcoExec+ is a framework for interactive programming of resource-constrained wireless sensor nodes. It provides an application programming interface (API) for making remote procedure calls (RPC) to a node from a resource-rich client such as a host PC or a mobile device. When used in conjunction with a dynamic language such as Python, it makes a friendly and powerful development environment by enabling nodes to be accessed just like local data objects. EcoExec+ handles all type marshaling
and demarshaling of the parameters and return values on the client side. Optionally, just-in-time compilation and remote firmware patching before the invocation can also be done by either the same host PC or a separate server. The runtime-support code on the node handles RPC service, job control,
and code patching functions. The contributions of EcoExec+ over its predecessor, EcoExec, is the significantly enhanced modular organization on both the client and server sides, enabling it to be configured to a variety of communication interfaces, to co-exist with existing runtime systems, and
be easily portable to other compilers or instruction-set architectures. Case studies confirm that Eco-Exec+ enables development of nontrivial applications with significantly reduced effort, thanks to the interactive programming and type marshaling support.

Contents 1
Introduction 8
1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2 Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3 Thesis Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Related Work 12
1 Remote Reprogramming in Wireless Sensor Networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2 Interactive Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
System Overview 19
1 General Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.1 Fat Client, Thin Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.2 Types of Targeted Users . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2 Key Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.1 Function Invocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.2 Variable Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.3 Code Staging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.4 Incremental Remote Reprogramming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.5 Job Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3 System Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.1 RPC Client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2 Code Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.3 RPC Server on Embedded Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
4 System Execution Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Client Subsystem 34
1 The Python Programming Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2 User Interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.1 Command Line User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.2 Customized API support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3 Command Processor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4 Client-Side Runtime Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.1 Resource Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.2 Remote Job Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Code Management on Host 42
1 Image Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
1.1 Generation of the Loader Script . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
1.2 Adjustment to the Interrupt Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
1.3 Modification for Incrementally Linking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
2 Version Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.1 Version Numbering Convention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
2.2 The Repository . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Thin-Server Subsystem 49
1 Script Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
2 Communication Abstract Layer (CAL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.1 Transport Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
2.2 Network Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3 System Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.1 Get Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.2 Put Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.3 Execute Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.4 Job Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
4 Application Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5 Payload Dispatcher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
6 Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Communication Issues 58
1 Packet Interface vs. Streaming Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
1.1 Packet/Message Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
1.2 Stream/Message Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
2 RPC Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Evaluation 64
1 Experimental Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
1.1 Hardware Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
1.2 Software Description - SDCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2 Application Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
2.1 Application Development Case: Motion Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
2.2 Bootstrapping: A Switch Between Different Communication Interface . . . . 69
2.3 Bootstrapping: Network Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
2.4 Application Development Case: EcoSTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
3 Result and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
3.1 Memory Footprint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
3.2 Upload Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
3.3 Latency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Conclusions and Future Work 89
1 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
2 Future Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
A Appendix: Command Table 93
                                

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