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研究生: 張庭偉
Chang, Ting-Wei
論文名稱: 直接影像觀察與X光光電子影像分析鈣鈦礦 碘離子在電場下之遷移現象
Direct visualization and XPS mapping of iodide migration in organo-halide perovskite assisted by electrical field
指導教授: 楊耀文
Yang, Yaw-Wen
口試委員: 陸大安
Luh, Dah-An
陳燦耀
Chen, Tsan-Yao
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 理學院 - 化學系
Department of Chemistry
論文出版年: 2017
畢業學年度: 105
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 100
中文關鍵詞: 鈣鈦礦離子遷移
外文關鍵詞: perovskite, ion migration
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  • 在本論文中,我們將介紹一下有機鹵化物鈣鈦礦太陽能電池,並將不同鹵化物含量所製備而成的薄膜材料分別為MAPbI3、MAPbI2Br、MAPbIBr2以及MAPbBr3,放置於濕潤與乾燥氮氣環境下施加電場後利用光學顯微鏡和原子力顯微鏡觀察鈣鈦礦薄膜的形貌變化。接著運用X光光電子能譜測量薄膜的化學成分,其中特別強調I 3d,Pb 4f和Br 3d,因為已知在電場影響下增強離子的遷移現象以及在濕潤環境下其降解速率愈快。最後利用一維XPS影像來繪製跨越電極之間的離子分佈,從我們的研究結果得知,四種類型的鈣鈦礦膜中的碘離子遷移,從光學顯微鏡觀察到移動軌跡生動地證明,隨著I / Br比例不同和施加電場的環境而產生變化,因此較高的溴化物含量和乾燥環境可以顯著延緩鹵化物遷移,這是由於溴離子使穩定性提高。


    In this thesis, we will report on an investigation of how the organo-halide perovskite solar cell, thin-film materials of varied halide content, MAPbI3, MAPbI2Br, MAPbIBr2, MAPbBr3, behave under the applied electrical field and under different controlled environments of dry and moist nitrogen atmosphere. The morphology of the film of different length scale was examined with optical microscope (OM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The chemical composition of the films was measured with X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) with particular emphasis given to I 3d, Pb 4f, and Br 3d because of the known migration of ionic species that is enhanced under the influence of electrical field and accelerated decomposition in moist environment. One dimensional XPS imaging was also used to map out the distribution of ionic species across the electrodes. Our results show that the iodide migration among four types of perovskite films, as vividly demonstrated with moving traces in OM, varies with the I/Br ratio and the environment where the electrical field was applied. Higher bromide content and dry environment can significantly retard the halide migration, due to the enhanced stability contributed by bromide ions.

    摘要 I Abstract II 致謝 III 目錄 V 圖目錄 VIII 表目錄 XIV 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 前言 1 1-2 太陽能電池發展史 2 1-3有機/無機混合鈣鈦礦材料 5 1-4製程方式 7 1-4-1 溶液製程 8 1-4-2 真空製程 11 1-4-3 真空輔助溶液製程 12 1-5鈣鈦礦材料穩定性 14 1-6研究動機 18 第二章 實驗技術及原理簡介 19 2-1同步輻射光源(Synchrotron Light Source) 19 2-2 X光光電子能譜(X-ray Photoemission Spectroscopy, XPS) 22 2-3原子力顯微鏡 (Atomic force microscope, AFM) 28 2-4 X光繞射(X-ray Diffraction, XRD) 31 2-5 XPS化學影像分析(XPS Mapping)24 33 第三章實驗藥品、儀器及實驗步驟 35 3-1實驗藥品與氣體 35 3-2 儀器設備 36 3-3實驗步驟 39 3-3-1基材前置處理與清洗 39 3-3-2鈣鈦礦材料藥品配製 40 3-3-3元件製備 41 3-4真空蒸鍍系統 43 3-5 超高真空表面分析系統 46 3-5-1 超高真空環境之達成 48 3-5-2 超高真空系統內樣品傳送流程 49 第四章 實驗結果與討論 50 4-1以載玻片為基材進行施加電場 50 4-1-1藉由光學影像探討 50 4-1-2 藉由AFM影像探討 53 4-2鈣鈦礦薄膜製備甲苯滴下時間探討 58 4-3四種鈣鈦礦材料進行施加電場 63 4-3-1基材為載玻片 63 4-3-2基材為FTO導電材料 66 4-3-3鑽石刀切割FTO導電材料 67 4-3-4蝕刻中間FTO導電材料 78 4-4 XPS化學影像分析 82 第五章 結論 97 第六章 參考文獻 99

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