二氧化鈦氣凝膠應用於染料敏化太陽能電池｜國立清華大學博碩士論文庫

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研究生：	江怡君 Chiang, Yi-Chun
論文名稱：	二氧化鈦氣凝膠應用於染料敏化太陽能電池 Applications of TiO2 Aerogels in Dye-sensitized Solar Cells
指導教授：	呂世源 Lu, Shih-Yuan
口試委員:	胡啟章裘性天
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 化學工程學系 Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年：	2011
畢業學年度：	99
語文別：	中文
論文頁數：	92
中文關鍵詞：	染料敏化太陽能電池、二氧化鈦氣凝膠、複合結構
相關次數：	點閱：1 下載：0
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為了增進染料敏化太陽能電池之光電轉換效率，選擇具有大表面積之介孔材料做為陽極，而二氧化鈦氣凝膠因為具有相當大的比表面積，且為3-D網狀結構，為最具發展潛力的中孔材料之一，因此以二氧化鈦氣凝膠作為陽極，組裝成染料敏化太陽能電池。以商用P25做基準，TiCl4處理後光電轉換效率最高為7.22%，而二氧化鈦氣凝膠可達8.36%，最主要的貢獻為染料吸附量增加，提升了電流密度，進一步增加光電轉換效率。由於二氧化鈦氣凝膠必頇經過鍛燒才會具有anatse晶相，但鍛燒會使得表面積驟減，因此嘗詴以類似水熱法的條件在高溫高壓合成，企圖製備出不需鍛燒即具晶相之氣凝膠。因此將超臨界乾燥溫度提高到80℃與120℃，TiCl4處理後光電轉換效率分別為8.21%、8.20%。不同溫度下的二氧化鈦氣凝膠表面積略有差異，超臨界乾燥溫度為80℃的表面積、孔徑體積、孔徑尺寸最大。三者表面積、孔徑尺寸、孔徑體積、晶相略有不同，但整體而言，光電轉換效率、RTiO2、electron life time、擴散係數、IPCE值差異不大。然而限制二氧化鈦氣凝膠陽極效率的突破原因之一為電子傳輸速率。由於氣凝膠晶粒小，晶界密度大，因此降低了電子傳輸速率。為此，添加電子傳輸快速的TiO2-B奈米線以改善電子傳輸並增加光散射效應。添加了5%的奈米線後，不作TiCl4處理，效率最高可達7.47%。然而，在5微米的厚度下，效率增加的幅度更大。添加5%奈米線後光電轉換效率由4.62%增加至5.75%，增加了24.5%。添加10%奈米線後，由效率4.62%增加至5.61%，提升了21.4%。儘管添加了表面積較小的奈米線，染料吸附量因而降低，但是電子傳輸速率卻增加，又具有光散射效應，使得在5微米厚度下添加5%奈米線時光電轉換效率達到最大值。

總目錄
摘要............................................................................................................................... I
Abstract ......................................................................................................................... II
致謝.............................................................................................................................. IV
總目錄........................................................................................................................... V
表目錄....................................................................................................................... VIII
圖目錄........................................................................................................................... X
第1章 緒論............................................................................................................ 1
1-1前言 ................................................................................................................. 1
1-2太陽能電池的種類 ......................................................................................... 2
1-3研究背景與目的 ............................................................................................. 4
第2章 文獻回顧與理論說明................................................................................ 6
2-1 染料敏化太陽能電池的原理 ........................................................................ 6
2-2 一維奈米結構二氧化鈦陽極的製備與應用於DSSCs ................................ 8
2-2.1 陽極二氧化鈦奈米棒/奈米線 ............................................................ 8
2-2.2 陽極二氧化鈦奈米管 ....................................................................... 12
2-3 中孔奈米結構二氧化鈦陽極的製備與DSSCs的應用 ............................. 15
2-3.1 模板法(template method) .................................................................. 15
2-3.2 沉澱法(precipitation method) ........................................................... 18
2-3.3 溶膠凝膠法(sol-gel method) ............................................................. 20
2-4陽極二氧化鈦氣凝膠的製備、改質與DSSCs的應用 .............................. 22
2-4.1 氣凝膠介紹 ....................................................................................... 22
2-4.2 金屬氧化物氣凝膠 ........................................................................... 22
2-4.3 氣凝膠的製備方式 ........................................................................... 24
VI
2-4.4 氣凝膠乾燥方式-超臨界乾燥 .......................................................... 25
2-4.5 二氧化鈦氣凝膠應用於DSSCs ....................................................... 27
2-5混掺零維及一維奈米結構之結晶性電極 ................................................... 29
2-6太陽輻射 ....................................................................................................... 31
第3章 實驗方法.................................................................................................. 33
3-1藥品 ............................................................................................................... 33
3-2實驗設備 ....................................................................................................... 35
3-3儀器分析 ....................................................................................................... 37
3-4實驗步驟 ....................................................................................................... 42
3-4.1二氧化鈦氣凝膠之合成 .................................................................... 42
3-4.2二氧化鈦奈米線之合成 .................................................................... 43
3-4.3導電玻璃之清洗 ................................................................................ 43
3-4.4 二氧化鈦漿料的配製、塗佈與TiCl4處理 ..................................... 44
3-4.5染料敏化太陽能電池組裝 ................................................................ 44
3-5太陽能電池特性量測 ................................................................................... 45
3-5.1 太陽光電轉換效率量測分析 ........................................................... 45
3-5.2 電化學交流阻抗分析 ....................................................................... 46
3-5.3 染料脫附分析 ................................................................................... 48
第4章 結果與討論.............................................................................................. 49
4-1商用P25與不同超臨界乾燥溫度之二氧化鈦氣凝膠比較 ....................... 49
4-1.1 XRD分析 ................................................................................................... 49
4-1.2 微結構分析 ....................................................................................... 51
4-1.3 SEM分析 ........................................................................................... 53
4-1.4 TEM分析 ........................................................................................... 54
4-1.5 光電轉換效率分析 ........................................................................... 56
VII
4-1.6 電化學交流阻抗分析 ....................................................................... 60
4-1.7 染料脫附分析 ................................................................................... 63
4-1.8 IMVS與IMPS分析 .......................................................................... 65
4-1.9 IPCE分析........................................................................................... 68
4-2 二氧化鈦氣凝膠與奈米棒混摻之研究 ...................................................... 69
4-2.1 XRD分析 ........................................................................................... 69
4-2.2 微結構分析 ....................................................................................... 70
4-2.3 SEM分析 ........................................................................................... 70
4-2.4 TEM分析 ........................................................................................... 73
4-2.5光電轉換效率分析 ............................................................................ 73
4-2.6電化學交流阻抗分析 ........................................................................ 77
4-2.7染料脫附分析 .................................................................................... 79
4-2.8 IMVS與IMPS分析 .......................................................................... 80
4-2.9 IPCE分析........................................................................................... 83
第5章 結論.......................................................................................................... 84
第6章 參考文獻.................................................................................................. 87

                                

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