丁豎杇 (Elephantopus scaber)常用於治療腎炎、疼痛以及發燒症狀，然而，直接的作用機制並不清楚。此研究在脂多醣體刺激發炎的BV-2微小膠細胞以及急性肝損傷的SD大鼠系統中探討丁豎杇所引發的效應。實驗結果顯示，在BV-2細胞系統中，丁豎杇會使脂多醣體刺激所產生的一氧化氮、介白素-1、介白素-6、活性氧化物以及前列腺素E2產量降低。而且，丁豎杇可明顯降低對於脂多醣體刺激的大鼠其血清中麩丙酮酸轉胺酶和丙氨酸轉胺酶的含量。此外，丁豎杇的水萃取成分(非酒精萃取成分)在BV-2細胞中會抑制脂多醣體誘發的p38以及JNK有絲分裂活化蛋白質激酶並呈現劑量抑制性，而對於第二型環氧化酶則是輕微的抑制作用；然而，在脂多醣體刺激的大鼠，丁豎杇會降低肝臟細胞中的p38和第二型環氧化酶。綜合上述結果，脂多醣體刺激造成急性肝損傷的大鼠中，丁豎杇對其肝臟的保護作用機制與抗氧化效應、抑制p38有絲分裂活化蛋白質激酶與第二型環氧化酶有關。

Elephantopus scaber Linn. (ES, Teng-Khia-U) has been traditionally used for the treatment of nephritis, pain, and fever; however, the direct evidence is lacked. The effects of ES on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation of BV-2 microglial cells and acute liver injury in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were investigated in my study. The results showed that ES reduced LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and prostaglandin (PGE2) production in BV-2 cells. ES significantly decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in LPS-treated rats. Furthermore, the water extract, but not the ethanol extract, of ES dose-dependently inhibited LPS-induced p38, JNK mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), and slightly inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in BV-2 cells, but decreased p38 MAPK and COX-2 expressions in the liver of LPS-treated rats. Taken together, these results indicate that the protective mechanism of ES involves an antioxidant effect and inhibition of p38 MAP kinase and COX-2 expressions in LPS-stressed acute hepatic injury in SD rats.

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