人類視覺檢測在液晶顯示器不均勻現象之探討

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研究生：	王珮嘉 Pei-Chia Wang
論文名稱：	人類視覺檢測在液晶顯示器不均勻現象之探討 A Study of Human Vision Inspection for Mura
指導教授：	黃雪玲 Sheue-Ling Hwang
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	工學院 - 工業工程與工程管理學系 Department of Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management
論文出版年：	2006
畢業學年度：	94
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	77
中文關鍵詞：	Mura 、恰辨差、視覺、液晶顯示器
外文關鍵詞：	Mura, JND, vision, LCD
相關次數：	點閱：1 下載：0
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目前液晶顯示器影像品質的檢測還是由人主觀判定，沒有一定的準則來檢測Mura現象，因此，有必要建立使用者和製造者均可接受的Mura現象程度。我們設計Mura模擬實驗來了解人類視覺感知和Mura現象之間的關係。本研究以人因工程的觀點，考慮多種real Mura及其面積大小以及不同的受試者等因素，並有系統地收集資料，以了解哪個因素影響最大，建立國內的恰辨差模式，希望能作為國內LCD廠商檢測標準。

本研究將透過人因工程的方法，找出人類視覺檢測時的影響因素與影響方式，從實驗結果得知，面積大小是影響視覺對比閾值的最大因素，並進而將其間的關係數量化，以客觀的數據描述Mura特徵，並建立國內JND資料庫，進而作為廠商之間描述Mura的共通語言，避免爭議。

Currently, the image quality of LCD is examined by human subjectively. There are no consistent rules for examining Mura. For this reason, it is necessary to develop the acceptable Mura standard between users and manufacturers. By designing a Mura simulation experiment, it finds out the relationship between human visual perception and Mura phenomenon.

In the present study, some factors will be considered such as the various types and sizes of real Mura, and different subjects in the experiment. The steps of data collection and experiments are conducted systematically from the viewpoint of human factors. Furthermore, a domestic JND model of LCD industry can be constructed. This model will become an inspection criterion for domestic LCD industry.

This study was based on ergonomic experiment to find the factors and the methods in human inspection. From the experimental results, Mura size was the most important factor on visual contrast threshold. The objective in this research is to objectively describe the relationships between the Mura characteristics and visual contrast thresholds. Furthermore, the JND model may provide the common language and avoid debate between customers and industries.

Contents
摘要    I
Abstract    II
誌謝    III
Contents    IV
List of Figures    VII
List of Tables    VII
Chapter1. Introduction    1
1.1. Background    1
1.2. Objectives    1
1.3. Research framework    2
Chapter2. Literature Reviews    4
2.1. The definition of Mura    4
2.1.1. The structure of TFT-LCD    5
2.1.2. Real Mura types    6
2.1.3. The classification of Mura defects    8
2.2.Methods of threshold (JND)    12
2.2.1. Psychometric method    12
2.2.2. SEMU    13
Chapter3. The First Stage Experimental Method and Results    17
3.1. Experimental environment and equipment    17
3.2. Experimental design    18
3.2.1.    Independent variables    18
3.2.2    Dependent variable    21
3.3. Experimental process    21
3.4. Results        ………23
3.4.1.    The influence of VCT--Mura types and experience    23
3.4.1.1.Stripe versus rubbing    27
3.4.1.2.Light-leakage versus curtain    29
3.4.1.3.H-band    31
3.4.1.4.V-band    34
3.4.2.    Comparison with Chen’s experiment—03-spacer    37
3.4.3.    The masking effect—light-leakage    40
Chapter4. The Second Stage Experimental Method and Results    42
4.1 Experimental environment and equipment    42
4.2 Experimental design    42
4.2.1.    Independent variables    42
4.2.2. Dependent variable    46
4.3 Experimental process    46
4.4 Results     46
4.4.1    Smaller size of H-band    46
4.4.2    Smaller size of V-band    49
4.4.3    Size of curtain    51
4.4.4    Location of curtain    53
Chapter 5 Discussion    56
5.1 Experience    56
5.2 Mura size    56
5.3 The masking effect—curtain    60
Chapter 6 Conclusion    62
References    64
Appendix I Multiple comparison with 15 types for novices    66
Appendix II Multiple comparison with 15 types for experts    72


List of Figures
Figure 1-1 Research framework    3
Figure 2-1 The fundamental structure of TFT-LCD [6]    5
Figure 2-2 Cross section of TFT-LCD [6]    5
Figure 2-3 Color forming [6]    6
Figure 2-4 Eleven Real Mura Types.    8
Figure 2-5 Average VCT value under every Real Mura type    8
Figure 2-6 Automatic defect classification system of the present invention [10]    10
Figure 3-1 CSV-1000 Contrast Sensitivity    18
Figure 3-2 15 The pattern of 15 Real Mura types    20
Figure 3-3 The real situation of experiment    21
Figure 3-4 The mean VCT of each Mura type of subjects    23
Figure 3-5 Profile plot for stripe versus rubbing    28
Figure 3-6 Profile plot for light-leakage versus curtain    30
Figure 3-7 The means VCT value under various visual angle for h-band    31
Figure 3-8 The means VCT value under various visual angle for v-band    34
Figure 3-9 Profile plot for comparison of 03-spacer    39
Figure 3-10 Bar chart for the masking effect of light-leakage    41
Figure 4-1 Five smaller sizes of h-band    43
Figure 4-2 Five smaller sizes of v-band    44
Figure 4-3 Five sizes of curtain in    45
Figure 4-4 Four locations of curtain    46
Figure 4-5 The mean VCT for smaller visual angles of h-band    48
Figure 4-6 The mean VCT for smaller visual angles of v-band    51
Figure 4-7 The mean VCT for sizes of curtain    53
Figure 4-8 The mean VCT for location of curtain    55
Figure 5-1 Relation of h-band for novices and experts    57
Figure 5-2 Relation of v-band for novices and experts    58
Figure 5-3 Relation of h-band and v-band    59
Figure 5-4 Relation of sizes of curtain    60
Figure 5-5 Relation of locations of curtain    61




List of Tables
Table 2-1 VESA Mura defect phases and classes [11]    10
Table 3-1 Two-way ANOVA—15 types and experience    24
Table 3-2 ANOVA—15 types for novices    25
Table 3-3 ANOVA—15 types for experts    25
Table 3-4 Multiple comparison with 15 types for novices    26
Table 3-5 Multiple comparison with 15 types for experts    27
Table 3-6 Descriptive statistics on stripe versus rubbing    29
Table 3-7 Descriptive statistics on light-leakage versus curtain    30
Table 3-8 Multiple comparison with five visual angles of h-band for novices    32
Table 3-9 Multiple comparison with five visual angles of h-band for experts    33
Table 3-10 Multiple comparison with five visual angles of v-band for novices    35
Table 3-11 Multiple comparison with five visual angles of v-band for experts    36
Table 3-12 Two-way ANOVA—03-spacer for different experiments and subjects    38
Table 3-13 Descriptive statistics on 03-spacer for different experiments and subjects    40
Table 3-14 Descriptive statistics on masking effect of light-leakage    41
Table 4-1 ANOVA—smaller size of h-band    47
Table 4-2 Multiple comparison with five smaller visual angles of h-band    47
Table 4-3 ANOVA—smaller size of v-band    49
Table 4-4 Multiple comparison with five smaller visual angles of v-band    50
Table 4-5 ANOVA—size of curtain    52
Table 4-6 Multiple comparison for size of curtain    52
Table 4-7 ANOVA—location of curtain    54
Table 4-8 Multiple comparison for location of curtain    54

                                

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