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研究生: 蔣世生
Chiang, Shih Sheng
論文名稱: 紫式決策分析以建構台灣營造業經營管理能力應用海外投標標案之評選準則及其實證研究
UNISON Decision Analysis Framework for Constructing the Operation Management Capacity for Taiwan Construction Industry Applied for Oversea Bidding Selection Criteria and for its Empirical Study
指導教授: 簡禎富
Chien, Chen-Fu
林哲群
Lin, Che-Chun
口試委員: 陳文智
Chen, Wen-Chih
彭金堂
Peng, Jin-Tang
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 科技管理學院 - 高階經營管理碩士在職專班
Executive Master of Business Administration(EMBA)
論文出版年: 2018
畢業學年度: 106
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 185
中文關鍵詞: 經營管理新南向政策紫式ANP分析架構多準則決策分析PEST分析五力分析分析網路程序法(ANP)
外文關鍵詞: Operation Management, New Southbound Policy, UNISON ANP analysis framework, Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), PEST analysis, Porter's five force analysis, Analytic Network Process (ANP)
相關次數: 點閱:3下載:0
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  • 摘要
    營造業的產業特性涵蓋工程的生產、施工、研發、人事、財務、品質、安全等方面,經營管理有其特殊性,過程存有許多變數。營造工程的生產特性皆有因地、因案制宜的條件要求。國內公共工程規模日趨萎縮,而以投標取得業務來源國內營造業者,可配合政府「新南向政策」策略發展區域,甚至延伸至前往印度、中東、非洲等非常值得我國營造業者前往的地區,並爭取大量基礎建設的商機,藉以擴大業務來維持競爭優勢。
    有關評估投標標案之決策問題,除了要先考慮涉及投標標案工程的施工過程和程序是由許多不同任務、施工步驟和品質要求的組合而形塑的決策情境,還需要考慮所涉及在執行時不同決策層面的各式各樣的決策元素。多準則決策分析(MCDA)則是一種能夠評估這種複雜情況的機制。投標標案之評選問題,則處於此種不確定情況下,屬於複雜且具有相依關係的多準則決策分析問題。
    本研究採用「紫式ANP分析架構」並建構營造業營運所應用之「經營管理」能力,即經營環境(PEST分析)、產業結構(五力分析)、財務評估與規劃(財報解析)、組織競爭能力(雷達圖分析)作為四項根本目標。利用網路分析法(ANP)的運算軟體Super Decisions分析並計算各因子權重,建構出合適的海外投標標案評選準則。並進行了實證研究,以評估該方法對於海外投標標案評選準則的有效性,以作為台灣營造業在有限的資源下選擇適合的海外投標標案來投標。
    採用亞洲開發銀行(ADB)主導之公共基礎建設投標工程案招標資訊公告為研究對象,進行PEST分析、五力分析、雷達圖分析找出投標標案評選準則之重要性差異。此外,以國內上市且已在海外營造市場經營的國內營造公司為研究對象。藉由比較自身在最近三年、發生金融海嘯的年度及面對景氣低迷後一年的財務比率與同業綜合平均數;以及與類似等級的國際營造廠商的財務比率進行評比,以佐證該公司的財務績效,以作為營造業者對於財務評估規劃的重要參考。最後再比較已完成的學術研究與本研究的差異性及指出本研究的貢獻之處。
    經由研究的有效性、可驗證性及實證過程,在客觀條件下而得出各類影響決策的因子之分析評估來驗證其研究方向之外,並以量化分析取得結果。國內營造業者在新南向政策國家或地區發展營造事業版圖時,可以參照本研究的架構與研究脈絡,對於投標前的準備工作、投標優先順序、決定投標標案的決策分析、得標後的履約作業、竣工交付,甚至包括評估後續標案發展的可行性及在後續的業務擴張範圍內佈署並分配公司資源,進而可在當地市場紮根生存的機會,作為業者可以增強競爭優勢及改善既有的劣勢的依據。本研究最後以已驗證研究效度的結果提供了具體的投標標案選項以及衍生出未來的研究方向。


    Abstract
    The industrial characteristics of the construction industry include the engineering production, construction work, research and development, personnel, finance, quality, and safety aspects of the project. Its operation management has its own particularities with many variables involved in the process. The requirements for construction projects production are all based on the local topographic conditions and the categories of project. The scale of domestic public construction works is dwindling, all those domestic construction companies who obtain business sources by bidding can tie in with the strategic development region drawn up in the Taiwan government's "New Southward Policy", otherwise or reach to the India, Middle East, West Africa and North Africa where are very worth to strive for business opportunities, and then expand the business to maintain the vital competitiveness.
    Concerning the decision-making of the bidding project, the construction process and procedures involved in the bidding project consist of a summary of many different tasks, work steps and quality requirements that shapes decision circumstance. It also needs to consider the various decision elements at decision levels involved during the implementation. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a mechanism that can assess such complex situation. The selection of bidding criteria is the issue pertain to a multi-criteria decision analysis with complicated and interdependent relationship in the case of such uncertainty.
    This thesis employed "UNISON ANP analysis framework” approach to construct a research frame for construction industry, which applied with ability of operation and management to be four fundamental objectives, which are “business environment” (by PEST analysis), “industrial structure” (by Porter’s five force analysis), “financial evaluation and planning” (by financial report analysis), and “organizational competitiveness” (by radar chart analysis). Super Decisions software was used for the analytic network analysis (ANP) method to analyze and compute the weight of each factor, and then constitute an appropriate criteria for the overseas bidding selection. An empirical study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of this method for the overseas bidding selection criteria, which can be used to select proper overseas biding project with limited resources for Taiwan’s construction companies.
    The public infrastructure bidding information, which is dominated by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), is bulletined as the research object to find out the differences in the importance of bidding selection criteria by conducting PEST analysis, Porter’s five force analysis, and radar chart analysis. In addition, a listed domestic construction company has already established business in the overseas market as the research object, to compute its financial ratios for the financial performance and compare to these ratios in the last three years, the year of the financial tsunami and the year after the downturn, with the combined average of their peers, as well as compare to the financial ratios with an international construction firm at the similar ranking to support the said company’s financial performance as an important reference for the financial evaluation and planning of the Taiwan construction industry. Furthermore, it was concluded to compare the differences between the completed academic research and this research, and then highlight the contribution of this study.
    Based on the validity, verifiability and empirical processes of the research, under the objective conditions, the analysis and evaluation of all kinds of factors influencing decision making are obtained to verify its research direction, and obtain the results by quantitative analysis. Domestic construction companies may refer to the structure and research context of this study when developing a new territory in a new South-South policy country or region, with respect to the preparatory work before bidding, the priority of biddings, the decision analysis to determine the tender bid, and the implement work of the post-bid, completion and handover, and even the feasibility of assessing the development of follow-up subsequent bids, deploying and allocating company resources within the scope of the subsequent expansion of the business, so that they can get vital opportunities in the local market, as the references to enhance their competitive advantages and improve some of the grounds for the disadvantages. Finally, the results of the verified research validity provide specific bidding options and derive the future research direction.

    目錄i 表目錄iii 圖目錄v 第一章 緒論1 1.1 研究背景、動機與重要性2 1.2 研究目的3 1.3 論文結構4 第二章 文獻回顧6 2.1 紫式決策分析架構7 2.2 分析網路程序法(ANP)介紹11 2.3 產業或領域基礎知識介紹18 2.4 多準則決策分析文獻整理與評析50 第三章 研究架構52 3.1 問題定義53 3.2 界定利基63 3.3 架構影響63 3.4 客觀敘述67 3.5 方案綜合評估與決策方法70 第四章 實證研究74 4.1 問題定義74 4.2 界定利基104 4.3 架構影響105 4.4 客觀敘述106 4.5 方案綜合評估與決策分析110 第五章 結論126 5.1 研究貢獻126 5.2 研究限制129 5.3 未來研究方向130 參考文獻131 附錄一 海外工程標案評選準則ANP問卷141 附錄二 群體決策幾何平均計算176 作者簡介185

    一、 中文部分
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    吳家德 (2003),建築業經營策略之分析,國立中山大學高階經營碩士班,91年碩士論文
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    陳明郎 (2014),利用紫式決策分析方法建構保健食品產業供應商選擇架構,國立清華大學高階經營管理碩士在職專班碩士論文,102年碩士論文
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    鄭超文 (2000),營建公司財務績效評估模式之研究,國立中央大學土木工程系碩士論文,89年碩士論文
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    劉得鈞 (2012),建構策略性產能規劃方案之決策模式,國立清華大學工業工程與工程管理學系碩士論文,100年碩士論文
    賴信安 (2014),以網路分析法(ANP)評估建築投資開發商住宅類型選擇-以嘉義地區為例,國立雲林科技大學營建工程系碩士班,102年碩士論文
    簡重宗 (2008),台灣營造業國際化成功關鍵因素之研究以DL公司為例,國立臺灣大學國際企業管理組,96年碩士論文
    網際網路:
    維基百科,阿富汗,2018年3月9日取自https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97
    維基百科,斯里蘭卡,2018年3月9日取自https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1
    維基百科,越南,2018年3月9日取自https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97
    財團法人金融徵信中心,產業財務比率資訊查詢,2018年3月12日取自https://member.jcic.org.tw/main_member/CFNratioQuery.aspx
    HKTDC RESEARCH經貿研究,阿富汗市場概況,2018年3月9日取自http://china-trade-research.hktdc.com/business-news/article/%E4%B8%80%E5%B8%B6%E4%B8%80%E8%B7%AF/%E9%98%BF%E5%AF%8C%E6%B1%97%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E6%A6%82%E6%B3%81/obor/tc/1/1X000000/1X0A3NEP.htm
    HKTDC RESEARCH經貿研究,斯里蘭卡市場概況,2018年3月9日取自http://emerging-markets-research.hktdc.com/business-news/article/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2/%E6%96%AF%E9%87%8C%E8%98%AD%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E6%A6%82%E6%B3%81/mp/tc/1/1X000000/1X09X08S.htm
    HKTDC RESEARCH經貿研究,越南市場概況,2018年3月9日取自http://emerging-markets-research.hktdc.com/business-news/article/%E4%BA%9E%E6%B4%B2/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97%E5%B8%82%E5%A0%B4%E6%A6%82%E6%B3%81/mp/tc/1/1X000000/1X0010GK.htm
    二、 英文部分
    書籍:
    Adaker, David A. (1989), “Managing assets and skills: The key to a sustainable competitive advantage”, California Management Review, 31 (Winter)
    Armstrong, Michael (2009), “A handbook of Human Resource Management Practice 11th” . London Philadelphia: Kogan Page
    Barney, Jay (2012), “Gaining and Sustaining Competitive Advantage”, 4th ed. Pearson
    Fleisher, C.S. & Bensoussan, B.E. (2003), “Chapter 17: Macroenvironmental (STEEP) Analysis, Strategic and Competitive Analysis: Methods and Techniques for Analyzing Business Competition”. Prentice Hall. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
    Hitt, Michael A. & Ireland, R. Duane & Hoskisson, Robert E. (2009), “Strategic Management: Concept and Cases Competetitiveness and Globalization”, 8th Edition. South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning
    Huffman, B.J. 2004. “Why environmental scanning works except when you need it” Business Horizon. 47/3. MayJune. Sciencedirect.com.
    Figueira, José Rui & Greco, Salvatore & Ehrgott, Matthias (2005), “Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis: State of the Art Surveys”. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Marmol, Thomas del & in collaboration with Feys, Brigitte & translatted by Probert, Carly (2015), “PESTLE Analysis: Understand and plan for your business environment”, Lemaitre Publishing
    Perera, Rashain (2017), “The PESTLE Analysis”, 1.0 edition, Nerdynaut
    Porter, Michael E. (1998), “Competitive strategy: techniques for analyzing industries and competitors: with a new introduction”, Free Press, New York
    Saaty, Thomas L. (1996), “Decision making with dependence and feedback: the analysis network process”, Pittsburgh, PA: RWS Publications
    Saaty, Thomas L. (1980), “Analytic Hierarchy Process”, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY
    Saaty, Thomas L. (2001), “Decision making with Dependence and Feedback: The Analytic Network Process”, Pittsburgh, RWS Publications.
    Saaty, Thomas L. & Vargas, Luis G. (2006), “DECISION MAKING WITH THE ANALYTIC NETWORK PROCESS - Economic, Political, Social and Technological Applications with Benefits, Opportunities, Costs and Risks”, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
    Saaty, Thomas L. & Sodenkamp, Mariya (2010), “ Chapter 4:The Analytic Hierarchy and Analytic Network Measurement Processes: The Measurement of Intangibles: Handbook of Multicriteria Analysis:”, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
    期刊:
    Aczél, J. & Saaty, Thomas L. (2008),“Procedures for synthesizing ratio judgements”, Joural of Mathematical Psychology, vol. 27, pp.93-102, 1983
    Bobylev, Nikolai (2011), “Comparative analysis of environmental impacts of selected underground construction technologies using the analytic network process”, December 2011, Automation in Construction 20(8):1030-1040
    Edgar, William B & Lockwood, Chris A. (2008), “Organizational Competencies: Clarifying the Construct”, Journal of Business Inquiry, p.25-26
    Ho, Joseph Kim-Keung (2014),“Formulation of a Systemic PEST Analysis for Strategic Analysis”, Joural of European Academic Research, Vol. II, Issue 5
    Jato-Espino, Daniel & Castillo-Lopez, Elena & Rodriguez-Hernandez, Jorge. Canteras-Jordana, Juan Carlos (2014),“A review of application of multi-criteria decision making methods in construction”, Automation in Construction, Volume 45, September 2014, Pages 151-162
    Lu, Shih-Tong & Lin, Cheng-Wei & Ko, Ping-Hui. (2007), “Application of analytic network process (ANP) in assessing construction risk of urban bridge project”, Second International Conference on Innovative Computing, Information and Control, pp. 169–172.
    Mokhtariani, Mahmood & Sebt, Mohammad Hassan & Davoudpour, Hamid. (2017), “Characteristics of the Construction Industry from the Marketing Viewpoint: Challenges and Solutions”, September 2017, Civil Engineering Journal Vol.3 No.9, p.701-714
    Saaty, Thomas L & Sodenkamp, Mariya. (2008), “Making Decisions in Hierarchic and Network Systems”, January 2008, International Journal of Applied Decision Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 1, p.25-26
    Saaty, Thomas L. (2008), “ Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process”, International Journal of Service Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 1, p.95
    網際網路:
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    Asian Development Bank, Invitation for Bids, Viet Nam: Ho Chi Minh City Urban Mass Rapid Transit Line 2 Investment Program - Tranche 2, https://www.adb.org/projects/39500-033/main (Accessed 9 March 2018)
    Asian Development Bank, Invitation for Bids, https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/tenders/vie2956-cp3a-ifb-updated.pdf (Accessed 9 March 2018)
    Asian Development Bank, Invitation for Bids, https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/tenders/vie2956-cp3b-ifb-updated.pdf (Accessed 9 March 2018)
    Asian Development Bank, Invitation for Prequalification, https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/tenders/sri50299-ocb-paehp-ifp-ext3-rev.pdf (Accessed 9 March 2018)
    Asian Development Bank, Ho Chi Minh City Urban Mass Rapid Transit Line 2 Investment Program - Tranche 2: Procurement Plan, https://www.adb.org/projects/documents/ho-chi-minh-city-urban-mass-rapid-transit-line-2-project-pp (Accessed 9 March 2018)
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    BLANDI, Organizational Competencies, available from http://www.blandi.org/training-programs/organizational-competencies/ (Accessed 25 December 2017)
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