基於 p2p 技術之隨選視訊系統之設計｜國立清華大學博碩士論文庫

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研究生：	陳玉雷 Yu-Lei Chen
論文名稱：	基於 p2p 技術之隨選視訊系統之設計 On the design of p2p-based VoD System
指導教授：	黃能富 Nen-Fu Huang
口試委員:
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	電機資訊學院 - 資訊工程學系 Computer Science
論文出版年：	2008
畢業學年度：	97
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	37
中文關鍵詞：	點對點網路、隨選視訊系統
外文關鍵詞：	p2p, VOD
相關次數：	點閱：2 下載：0
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隨著網際網路的快速成長，多媒體串流服務也廣泛的使用在網際網路上。然而，由於時間緊迫和效率的要求使得提供大規模的隨選視訊服務還是一項挑戰。本論文提出一個以BiTos和PONDER為根基來結合點對點與多媒體串流的隨選視訊系統(VOD2008)，藉由本系統可以提供大規模、穩定以及高使用性之隨選視訊多媒體串流服務。本論文以一個檔案傳輸協定BT的概念為基礎，設計出適合在多媒體串流上的點對點技術。本論文設計一個網狀結構來連接各個節點。因為一個客戶端會根據用戶演算法連到在觀看同一部影片的許多個用戶，而且客戶端會根據修改的BT協定跟正在連結的用戶和服務器要求串流的片段以符合循序播放的要求。所以使用者其實是以多傳送者和多接收者的角色來互相傳遞資料以減少網路流量。因此，當越多使用者看同一部影片時，此系統可以提供越好的服務品質。

With fast growth of Internet, the multimedia streaming services are used extensively in Internet. However, providing video on demand (VOD) service over the Internet in a scalable way is a challenge due to time-sensitive and performance requirement. In this thesis, a P2P-based multimedia streaming system, called VOD2008, is based on BiTos and PONDER to provide a scalable, robust, and high available VOD streaming service. Based on the BiTorrent Protocol, a file sharing protocol, implement peer-to-peer technology for streaming is modified. A mesh-based structure is designed to connect the peers. Because the client will connect to many peers in a swarm according to Peer Selection Algorithm, and the client request streaming piece from connecting peers or streaming server according to Modified BitTorrent Protocol for meet streaming requirement. So the peer will become multi-senders and multi-receives in order to share the streaming to others to reduce network traffic and server load. Therefore, the more users watch the same video, the more high level quality service can be provided.

Content
Chapter 1 Introduction    1
Chapter 2 Related Work    4
2.1    Content Delivery Network (CDN)    4
2.2    P2P Network Infrastructure    5
2.2.1 Chain structure    5
2.2.2 DirectStream    6
2.2.3 P2Cast    7
2.2.4 P2VOD    8
2.2.5 LEMP    9
2.2.6 SplitStream    10
2.2.7 P2Proxy    11
2.2.8 BiToS    12
2.2.9 PONDER    13
2.3    Market Research    15
Chapter 3 System Design    19
3.1    Infrastructure    19
3.1.1    VOD Server    20
3.1.2    VOD Platform Server    22
3.1.3    Client    23
3.2    Operation Scheme    24
3.2.1    Client Join Process    24
3.2.2    Client Downloading Process    26
3.2.3    Client Leave Process    27
3.3 Accept Evaluation Algorithm    28
3.4    Peer Selection Algorithm    30
3.4.1    The procedure    30
3.5    Piece Selection Algorithm    32
3.5.1 The procedure    32
Chapter 4 Conclusions and Future Work    34
References    36
List of Figures
Figure 1. Content delivery network architecture    5
Figure 2. Chain Structure    6
Figure 3. DirectStream Architecture.    7
Figure 4. A snapshot of P2Cast at time 40.    8
Figure 5. A snapshot of P2VoD system at time 36.    9
Figure 6. LEMP layer structure.    10
Figure 7. An example of SplitStream with 2-level.    11
Figure 8. Outline of P2Proxy caching scheme.    12
Figure 9. Proxy caching scenario in P2Proxy.    12
Figure 10. BiTos for support streaming in BT.    13
Figure 11. An example of serving three clients using PONDER.    14
Figure 12. An example of bandwidth usage to serve a single client.    15
Figure 13. GUI samples of each popular p2p-based video streaming system    18
Figure 14. Example of the proposed system infrastructure    20
Figure 16. Architecture of VOD Platform Server    23
Figure 17. Architecture of Client    24
Figure 18. Client join process    26
Figure 19. Client downloading process    27
Figure 20. Client leave process    28
Figure 21. Peer selection algorithm    31
Figure 22. Phase1 of piece selection algorithm    33
Figure 23. Phase2 of piece selection algorithm    33


List of Tables
Table 1 Comparison of market research    15

                                

[1] YouTube, http://tw.youtube.com/
[2] I’m TV, http://www.im.tv/
[3] L. Kontothanassis, R. Sitaraman, J. Wein, D. Hong, R. Kleinberg, B. Mancuso and D. Shaw. “Large-scale cooperative caching and application-level multicast in multimedia content delivery networks.” IEEE Communications Magazine, Volume 43, Issue 5, May 2005, Page(s):98-105.
[4] The Official BitTorrent Home Page, http://www.bittorrent.com/.
[5] BitTorrent Protocol Specification, http://wiki.theroy.org/BitTorrentSpecification.
[6] B Cohen, “Incentives Build Robustness in BitTorrent”, In Proc of IPIS, 2003.
[7] S. Viswanathan, and T. Imiehnski, “Pyramid broadcasting for video on demand service,” IEEE Multimedia Computing and Networking Conference, Sam Jose, California, 1995, Vol. 2417. pp66-77.
[8] Y.Chu, S. G. Rao, and H. Zhang, “A case for End System Multicast, “ in Proc. ACM Sigmetrics, June 2000.
[9] D. Milic, M. Brogle and T. Braun. “Video broadcasting using overlay multicast.” Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Multimedia, 12-14 Dec. 2005, Page(s): 8pp.
[10] Akamai, http://www.akamai..com/
[11] de Pinho LB, de Amorim CL, Ishikawa E. GloVE: A distributed environment for low cost scalable VOD systems. In: Proc. Of the Commputer Architecture and High Performance Computing. Washington: IEEE Computer Society, 2002, 117-124.
[12] Guo Y, Shu K, Kurose J, Towsley D. A peer-to-peer on-demand streaming service and its performance evaluation. In: Proc. Of the IEEE ICME 2003. Maryland: IEEE Computer Society, 2003. 649-652.
[13] Y. Guo, K. Suh, J. Kurose, D. Towsley, “P2Cast: P2P Patching Scheme for VoD Service,” in WWW 2003, May 20-24, 2003, Budapest, Hungary..
[14] Do TT, Hua KA, Tantaoui MA. P2VoD: Providing fault tolerant video-on-demand streaming in peer-to-peer environment. IEEE ICC2004, page(s): 1467- 1472.
[15] Fouliras P, Xanthos S, Tsantalis N, Manitsaris A. LEMP: Lightweight efficient multicast protocol. In: Proc. Of the 2004 ACM Symp. On Applied Computing. New York: ACM Press, 2004. 1226-1231.
[16] M. Castro, P. Druschel, A. Kermarrec, A. Nandi, A. Rowstron, and A. Singh. 2003. “Splitstream: High-bandwidth multicast in cooperative environments.” In Proc. of the 19th ACM Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP 2003), Bolton Landing, New York, USA.
[17] M. Castro, P. Druschel, A.-M. Kermarrec, and A. Rowstron. 2002. “Scribe: A large-scale and decentralized application-level multicast infrastructure.” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in communications (JSAC), 20(8), Oct. 2002.
[18] A. Rowstron and P. Druschel. 2001. "Pastry: Scalable, distributed object location and routing for large-scale peer-to-peer systems." In Proc. 18th IFIP/ACM International Conference on Distributed Systems Platforms (Middleware 2001), Heidelberg, Germany, Nov. 2001, pp. 329-350.
[19] G.J. Lee, C. K. Choi, C. Y. Choi, H. K. Choi, “P2Proxy: peer-to-peer proxy caching scheme for VOD service”, Proc. of the International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Multimedia Applications (ICCIMA’05), 16-18 Aug. 2005 pp. 272 - 277
[20] A. Vlavianos, M. Iliofotou, and M. Faloutsos, “Bitos: Enhancing bittorrent for supporting streaming applications,”in 9th IEEE Global Internet Symposium 2006, April 2006.
[21] Y. Guo,S Mathur,K Ramaswamy,S Yu, and B Patel,”PONDER: Performance Aware P2P Video-o-Demand Service.”IEEE GLOBECOM2007, Washington DC, USA, November 2007, pp 225-230.
[22] “PPStream,” http://www.ppstream.com /
[23] “PPLive,” http://www.pplive.com/
[24] “QQLive,” http://tv.qq.com/
[25] “TVAnts,” http://www.tvants.com
[26] “UUSee.” http://www.uusee.com/
[27] “PPMate,” http://www.ppmate.com/

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