生物多樣性對地球生態以及人類生活息息相關，使用多樣性指標去量化群落，有助於了解生態的現狀與其變化，本文著重在生態學家常使用的熵指標，衡量群落之多樣性。藉由假設簡單隨機抽樣的區塊資料為白努力乘積模型，探討區塊資料下的熵指標估計，但由於此指標的形式複雜造成估計上的困難，首先考慮常用且簡便的估計方式：最大概似估計量與摺刀法，但前者會造成嚴重低估，而後者能作的偏差修正有限，文本修正過去估計之方法以應用在區塊資料上，且利用Good-Turing (1953, 2000) 的頻率理論來導正新的估計量，進而改善與修正熵指標估計。另外針對提出來討論的估計量提出變異數估計，由於傳統的拔靴標準差估計因為稀有物種與豐富物種的相對關係，使得樣本出現機率與母體的真實機率頗有差距，亦即表示無法直接地透過樣本對母體作推論，需要經過適時地修正各物種的出現機率，之後使用修正後的拔靴方法作出較精確的變異數或標準差估計。對於每種估計量以電腦進行模擬並討論估計結果，同時結合實例上的分析，更能清楚地說明實務上的應用，了解熵指標估計對於多樣性的重要性。

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