對於受損軟骨組織的修補，目前以自體軟骨細胞移植(autologous chondrocyte transplantation, ACT)為主流方法。主要是將自體軟骨細胞於體外培養至足夠數目後再植回缺損處，然而軟骨細胞在繼代的過程中，會逐漸變為去分化的型態，大幅減弱ACT之療效。由於生長因子TGF-□1 (transforming growth factor-β1)、IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1)及BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2)皆具有促進軟骨細胞分化狀態的效果，我們以桿狀病毒載體分別將這三種生長因子基因送入胞內，希望以去分化之軟骨細胞在這些生長因子刺激下，能恢復至正常之分化狀態。
　　本研究中，我們建構了三種重組桿狀病毒: Bac-CT (表現TGF-β1)、Bac-CI (表現IGF-1)及Bac-CB (表現BMP-2)，在不同病毒劑量下我們分別對不同代數的兔子關節軟骨細胞(P1、P3及P5)進行病毒轉導。首先，我們收集轉導一天後之培養基以進行ELISA分析，結果顯示三種生長因子皆成功分泌至培養基中，且各自逹到有效濃度。接著，P1及P3細胞在轉導五天後，其型態轉成類似軟骨細胞的圓形，證明生長因子的刺激效用。接著以qRT-PCR分析軟骨細胞指標基因，如第二型膠原蛋白(Tyep II collagne)與aggrecan之mRNA含量，我們證明P3細胞在生長因子刺激下，可促進細胞分化狀態，其中以BMP-2的效用最為顯著(分別提升到2.5倍與4倍)。進一步，我們以共同轉導或序列轉導方式，將細胞種入3D生醫材料(alginate bead)中，促使體外培養的軟骨細胞達到最佳分化狀態並分泌細胞外間質，從切片染色結果分析以共同轉導組合(Bac-CB+ Bac-CT)的效用最佳。這些實驗顯示桿狀病毒為一相當具有潛力之基因治療載體，將來可望在組織工程領域中嶄露頭角。

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