近年來，染料敏化太陽能電池(Dye-sensitized Solar Cells, DSCs)之電解質研究焦點主要集中於改善液態電解質之易揮發、外漏等缺點，以提高電池元件長期穩定性，其中半固態電解質不但流動性低，更可於大面積元件製作上應用連續塗佈製程大幅降低生產成本，但目前在光電轉換效率上仍難突破液態電解質。本研究利用數種無機奈米顆粒 (inorganic nanoparticles) 或聚二氟乙烯-六氟丙烯共聚高分子 (PVDF-HFP) 摻混入以 1,2-二甲基-3-丙基咪唑碘(DMPII) 為主之液體電解質，加以製備不同奈米粒子型與凝膠型半固態電解質，期望可改變 DSCs 元件之離子傳導機制，在降低電解質流動性的同時，亦可大幅提升元件光電轉換效率。
本實驗先藉由碘與添加劑之濃度調整，分別得到以乙□(acetonitrile)與3-甲氧基丙□(3-methoxypropionitrile) 作為溶劑之最佳化組成液態電解質，再分別混摻入 SiO2 奈米顆粒、PVDF-HFP /TiO2 奈米複合高分子以及不同粒徑與表面修飾之 TiO2 奈米顆粒，製備數種半固態電解質，並分析不同膠化劑種類、膠化劑含量與溶劑系統對於電解質之導電度、離子擴散係數和光電轉換效率的影響。研究結果發現，於液體電解質系統中加入 TiO2 奈米顆粒，除降低電解質與二氧化鈦光電極之間的阻抗與電解質本身的擴散阻抗而增加電池光電流(Jsc)外，亦能減少電子再結合的機率而提升開路電壓(Voc)。在添加 17.5wt.% 的 P25 TiO2 奈米顆粒於乙□系統之液態電解質時，在入射光強度為 100mW/cm2 的照射下，光電轉換效率可達 9.24 %。在二氧化鈦光電極以 TiCl4 進行處理後，其光電轉換效率(η)更可達 9.49 %。長效性能測試方面，電池元件在室溫 30℃下放置 1000 小時，此半固態 DSCs 穩定性明顯優於使用液態電解質之電池元件。

In this study, various nanoparticles and fluorine polymer were employed to solidify 1,2-dimethyl-3-propyl-imidazolium iodide (DMPII) based liquid electrolytes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). A guideline to prepare high-performance clay-like or gel-like electrolytes having high content nanoparticles or polymer was prepared for DSCs. We aimed at fabricating ionic paths between nanoparticles or polymer by chemical bondings.
Photovoltaic performances of DSCs containing these quasi-solid state electrolytes were studied as well as the influence of redox couple, solvents, additives and the content of nanoparticles or fluorine polymer. Efficiencies of 9.24% and 7.48% were recorded for the AN and MPN-based electrolytes solidified by 17.5% P25 TiO2 nanoparticles, respectively under illumination of simulated AM 1.5 (100mW/cm-2). After TiCl4 treatment for the TiO2 photo-electrode, the conversion efficiency of a DSCs fabricated using quasi-solid state electrolyte was 9.49%, with values of Jsc, Voc, and FF of 18.08(mA/cm-2), 0.78 V, and 67%, respectively. From the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis, it was found that the enhanced conversion efficiencies of the DSCs were associated with the decrease in charge transfer resistance at the TiO2/dye/electrolyte and Warburg diffusion resistance. On the other hand, nanoparticles can inhibit the charge recombination, enhancing the open-circuit voltage of the cells. The long-term stability of these quasi-solid state electrolytes was also studied.

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