研究生: |
林沂棻 Yi-Fen Lin |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
有或無中間層之鈮酸鋰晶圓與矽晶圓異質接合研究 |
指導教授: |
胡塵滌
Chen-Ti Hu |
口試委員: | |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
工學院 - 材料科學工程學系 Materials Science and Engineering |
論文出版年: | 2008 |
畢業學年度: | 96 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 86 |
中文關鍵詞: | 異質接合 、鈮酸鋰 、電漿活化 |
外文關鍵詞: | heterogenous bonding, LNO, Plasma Activated |
相關次數: | 點閱:2 下載:0 |
分享至: |
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報 |
本論文藉由晶圓接合方法將鈮酸鋰鐵電材料與矽基板或表面鍍HfO2中間層之矽基板接合,再將鈮酸鋰晶圓薄化後,製作類似FeRAM結構,以及矽晶圓與矽晶圓表面分別使用射頻磁控和直流磁控兩方法鍍鐵薄層後將兩矽晶圓接合,並探討其差異。
利用晶圓接合方法將鈮酸鋰鐵電材料與矽基板接合,Z-cut鈮酸鋰與矽晶圓接合強度較Y-cut鈮酸鋰與矽晶圓接合強度來的強,將鈮酸鋰薄化後量測到微弱的鐵電性質;利用表面鍍HfO2中間層之矽晶圓未經過900℃退火結晶,施予電漿活化有部分接合區域產生。表面鍍HfO2中間層之矽晶圓經過900℃退火結晶3min後,因為表面粗糙度的過大而接合失敗;利用直流磁控濺鍍機在矽晶圓上鍍予鐵薄層後,由於表面的粗糙度太大無法直接接合。射頻磁控濺鍍機鍍予鐵薄層的矽晶圓直接接合可觀察到部分接合區域產生,但在試片表面上無法偵測到鐵元素,應為活化效果所造成。
1.Jan Haisma and G.A.C.M. Spierings, “Contact bonding, including direct-bonding in a historical and recent context of materials science and technology, physics and chemistry-Historical review in a broader scope and comparative outlook”, Materials Science and Engineering R37, pp. 1-60 (2000)
2.Roger G. Horn, “Surface Forces and Their Action in Ceramic Materials”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 73 (5), pp. 1117-1135 (1990)
3.Kai-Tak Wan, Douglas T. Smith and Brain R. Lawn, “Fracture and Contact Adhesion Energies of Mica-Mica, Silica-Silica, and Mica-Silica Interfaces in Dry and Moist Atmospheres”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 75, pp. 667-676 (1992)
4.J.B. Lasky, S.R. Stiffler, F. R. White and J. R. Abernathey, IEDM Tech. Dig., 648 (IEEE, New York, 1985)
5.J.B. Lasky, “Wafer bonding for silicon-on-insulator technologies”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 48, pp. 78-80 (1986)
6.M. Shimbo, K. Furukawa, K. Furuda, K. Tanzawa, “Silicon-to-silicon direct bonding method”, J. Appl. Phys. 60(8), pp. 2987-2989 (1986)
7.Q.-T. Tong, X.-L. Xu, and H. Shen, “Diffusion and oxide viscous flow mechanism in SDB process and silicon wafer rapid thermal bonding”, Electronics Letters 26, pp. 697-699 (1990)
8.K.-Y. Ahn, R. Stengl, T. Y. Tan, U. Gösele, “Stability of interfacial oxide layers during silicon wafer bonding”, J. Appl. Phys. 65, pp. 561-563 (1989)
9.H. Takagi, R. Maeda, T. R. Chung, and T. Suga, “Low-temperature direct bonding of silicon and silicon dioxide by surface activation method”, Sensors and Actuators A 70, pp. 164-170 (1998)
10.James B. Kuo and Ker-Wei Su, “CMOS VLSI ENGINEERING: Silicon-on-insulator (SOI)”, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 1-11 (1998).
11.Jean-Pierre Colinge, “Silicon-On-Insulator Technology :Materials to VLSI”, pp. 136-138(1997)
12.Martin A. Schmidt, “Wafer-to-Wafer Bonding for Microstructure Formation”, Proceedings of the IEEE 86(8), pp. 1575-1585 (1998)
13.T. Suni, K. Henttinen, A. Lipsanen. J. Dekker, H. Luoto, and M. Kulawski, “Wafer Scale Packaging of MEMS by Using
Plasma-Activated Wafer Bonding”, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 153 (1) G78-G82 (2006)
14.Niclas Keskitalo, Stefan Tiensuu, Anders Hallen, “Characterization of hydrophobic bonded silicon wafers”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 186, pp. 66-70 (2002)
15.Q.-T. TONG and U. GÖSELE, “SEMICONDUCTOR WAFER BONDING : SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY”, John Wiley & Sons Inc. (1999)
16.T.R. Chung, L.Yang, N.Hosoda, B.Takagi, T.Suga, “Wafer direct bonding of compound semiconductors and silicon at room temperature by the surface activated bonding method”, Appl. Surf. Sci. 117-118, pp. 808-812 (1997)
17.T.R. Chung, L. Yang, N. Hosoda, T. Suga, “Room temperature GaAs-Si and InP-Si wafer direct bonding by the surface activated bonding method”, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 121, pp. 203-206 (1997)
18.Donato Pasquariello, Martin Camacho, Klas Hjort, László Dózsa, Béla Szentpáli, “Evaluation of InP-to-silicon heterobonding”, Materials Science and Engineering B 80, pp. 134-137 (2001)
19.V. Lehmann, K. Mitani, R, Stengl, T. Mii and U. Gösele, “Bubble-Free Wafer Bonding of GaAs and InP on Silicon in a Microcleanroom”, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 28, pp. L2141-L2143 (1989)
20.F.A. Kish, F.M. Steranka, D.C. DeFevere, D.A. Vanderwater, K.G. Parker, C.P. Kuo, T.D. Osentowski, M.J. Peanasky, J.G. Yu, R.M. Fletcher, D.A. Steigerwald, M.G. Craford, V.M. Robbins, “Very high-efficiency semiconductor wafer-bonded transparent-substrate (AlxGa1-x)0.5In0.5P/GaP light-emitting diodes”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, pp. 2839-2841 (1994)
21.B.F. Levine, A.R. Hawkins, S. Hiu, B.J. Tseng, C.A. King, L.A. Gruezke, R. W. Johnson, D. R. Zolnowski, and J. E. Bowers, “20 GHz high performance planar Si/InGaAs p-i-n photodetector”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70 (18), pp. 2449-2451 (1997)
22.J.H. Wang, M.S. Jin, V.H. Ozguz, S.H. Lee, “N-channel metal-on- semiconductor transistors fabricated in a silicon film bonded onto sapphire”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, pp. 724-726 (1994)
23.Akihiko Murai, Lee McCarthy, Umesh Mishra, Steven P. DenBaars, Carsten Kruse, Stephan Figge and Detlef Hommel, “Wafer Bonding of GaN and ZnSSe for Optoelectronic Applications”, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 43, pp. L1275-L1277 (2004)
24.Yoshihiro Tomita, Masato Sugimoto, and Kazuo Eda, “Direct bonding of LiNbO3 single crystals for optical waveguides”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 1484 (1995)
25.K. Eda, M. Sugimoto, Y. Tomita, “Direct heterobonding of lithium niobate onto lithium tantalate”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, pp. 827-828 (1995)
26.Martin Alexe, Gerhard Kästner, Dietrich Hesse, and Ulrich Gösele, “Ferroelectric-semiconductor heterostructures obtained by direct wafer bonding”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, pp. 3416-3418 (1997)
27.Q.-Y. Tong, R. Gafiteanu, U. M. Gösele, “Reversible Silicon Wafer Bonding for Surface Protection: Wafer-Enhanced Debonding”, J. Electrochem. Soc. 139, pp. L101-L102 (1992)
28.H. Takagi, K. Kikuchi, R. Maeda, T. R. Chung and T. Suga, “Surface activated bonding of silicon wafers at room temperature”, Appl. Phys. Lett. 68 (16), pp. 2222-2224 (1996)
29.Hideki Takagi, Ryutaro Maeda, Teak Ryong Chung, Naoe Hosoda and Tadatomo Suga, “Effect of Surface Roughness on Room-Temperature Wafer Bonding by Ar Beam Surface Activation”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, pp. 4197-4293 (1998)
30.Hideki Takagi, Ryutaro Maeda, Naoe Hosoda and Tadatomo Suga, “Room-Temperature Bonding of Si Wafers to Pt Films on SiO2 or LiNbO3 Substrates Using Ar-Beam Surface Activation”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38, pp. L1559-L1561 (1999)
31.Hideki Takagi, Ryutaro Maeda, Tadatomo Suga, “Wafer-scale spontaneous bonding of silicon wafers by argon-beam surface activation at room temperature”, Sensors and Actuators A 105, pp. 98- 102 (1997)
32.T. Suni, K. Henttinen, I. Suni and J. Mäkinen, “Effects of Plasma Activation on Hydrophilic Bonding of Si and SiO2”, J. Electrochem. Soc. 149, pp. G348-G351 (2002)
33.Xuanxiong Zhang and Jean-Pierre Raskin, “Low-temperature Wafer Bonding - Optimal O2 Plasma Surface Pretreatment Time”, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 7(8), pp. G172-G174 (2004)
34.W.H. Zachariasen, Skr. Norske Vid-Ada, Oslo, Mat. Naturv. No.4 (1928)
35.B.T. Matthias and J.P. Remeika, “Ferroelectricity in the illmenite structure”, Phys. Rev., 76 (1949) 1886.
36.A.A. Ballman, “Growth of piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials by the Czochralski technique”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 48 (1965) 112.
37.S.C. Abrahams, J.M. Reddy and J.L. Bernstein, “Ferroelectric lithium niobate. 3. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study at 24℃”, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 27 (1966) 997.
38.S.C. Abrahams, W.C. Hamilton and J.M. Reddy, “Ferroelectric lithium niobate. 4. Single crystal neutron diffraction study at 24℃”, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 27 (1966) 1013.
39.S.C. Abrahams, H.J. Levinstein and J.M. Reddy, “Ferroelectric lithium niobate. 5. Polycrystal X-ray diffraction study between 24℃and 1200℃”, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 27 (1966) 1019.
40.H.D. Megaw, “A note on the structure of lithium niobate”, Acta Crystallogr., A24 (1968) 583.
41.S.C. Abrahams and P. Marsh, “Defect structure dependence on composition in lithium niobate”, Acta Crystallogr., B42 (1986) 61.
42.P.K. Gallagher, H.M. O’Bryan, “Characterization of LiNbO3 by dilatometry and DTA”, J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 68 (1985) 147.
43.A. Yariv and P. C. Yeh, “Optical Waves in Crystal”, John Wiley& Sons, Inc. 1984.
44.R.S. Weis and T.K. Gaylord, “ Lithium Niobate: Summary of Physical Properties and Crystal Structure ”, Appl. Phys. A 37, pp. 191-203 (1985)
45.馮端 主編,“固態物理學大辭典”,建宏出版社 (1998)
46.M.M.R. Howlader, Tadatomo Suga and Moon J. Kim, “A Novel Bonding Method for Ionic Wafers”, IEEE Transactions Advanced Packaging , Nov.2007 Page(s):598-604
47.賴欣怡,國立清華大學材料科學與工程研究所碩士論文,“晶圓直接接合製程物理及化學機制討論”,民國九十二年六月。